1. 7.1 Integral as Net Change Photo by Vickie Kelly, 2006
Greg Kelly, Hanford High School, Richland, Washington

2. A honey bee makes several trips from the hive to a flower garden.
The velocity graph is shown below.
What is the total distance traveled by the bee?
700 feet
200ft
200ft
200ft
100ft

3. What is the displacement of the bee?
100 feet from the hive
200ft
200ft
-200ft
-100ft

4. To find the displacement (position shift) from the velocity function, we just integrate the function. The negative areas below the x-axis subtract from the total displacement.
To find distance traveled we have to use absolute value.
Find the roots of the velocity equation and integrate in pieces, just like when we found the area between a curve and the x-axis. (Take the absolute value of each integral.)
Or you can use your calculator to integrate the absolute value of the velocity function.

5. Displacement:
Distance Traveled:
velocity graph
position graph
Every AP exam I have seen has had at least one problem requiring students to interpret velocity and position graphs.

6. In the linear motion equation:
V(t) is a function of time.
For a very small change in time, V(t) can be considered a constant.
We add up all the small changes in S to get the total distance.

7. We add up all the small changes in S to get the total distance.
As the number of subintervals becomes infinitely large (and the width becomes infinitely small), we have integration.

8. This same technique is used in many different real-life problems.

9. Example 5:
National Potato Consumption
The rate of potato consumption for a particular country was:
where t is the number of years since 1970 and C is in millions of bushels per year.
For a small , the rate of consumption is constant.
The amount consumed during that short time is

10. Example 5:
National Potato Consumption
The amount consumed during that short time is
We add up all these small amounts to get the total consumption:
From the beginning of 1972 to the end of 1973:
million bushels

11. Work:
Calculating the work is easy when the force and distance are constant.
When the amount of force varies, we get to use calculus!

12. x = distance that the spring is extended beyond its natural length
Hooke’s law for springs:
k = spring constant
x = distance that the spring is extended beyond its natural length

13. Hooke’s law for springs:
F=10 N
Example 7:
x=2 M
It takes 10 Newtons to stretch a spring 2 meters beyond its natural length.
How much work is done stretching the spring to 4 meters beyond its natural length?

14. F(x)
How much work is done stretching the spring to 4 meters beyond its natural length?
x=4 M
For a very small change in x, the force is constant.
newton-meters
joules p