1. What’s In The Pelvis?

3. Shapes of the Female Pelvis

6. Sciatic Nerve From the lower back through the pelvis and down the leg
Longest and widest nerve in the body.
Splits into two nerves below the knee (tibial and peroneal)
Energizes the back of the thigh, outer shin and foot.
Author(s): KDS4444
- Sciatic nerve2.jpg from Wikimedia Commons
- License: CC-BY-SA 4.0

7. Sciatica Piriformis Syndrome
Pain in the lower back
Piriformis Syndrome
Pain in the buttocks

8. By Patrick J. Lynch & KDS4444 - https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/

9. By KDS4444 - Own work, CC BY-SA 4.0,

10. By Anatomist90 - Own work, CC BY-SA 3. 0, https://commons. wikimedia

11. Sacrospinous ligament Sacrotuberous ligament Sacrotuberous ligament
Anterior and posterior sacrococcygeal ligaments are a continuation of anterior and posterior longitudinal ligaments of the spine
Sacrospinous
ligament
Sacrotuberous
ligament
Sacrotuberous
ligament
Sacrococcygeal
ligament

12. Anterior and posterior sacrococcygeal ligaments are a continuation of anterior and posterior longitudinal ligaments of the spine

14. Iliofemoral ligament

19. Pelvic Floor Muscles A hammock stretching from tailbone to
pubic bone and sit bone to sit bone
Support pelvic floor organs. The bladder, uterus and intestines lie on top
Urethra and anus (for men), urethra, vagina and anus (for women) pass through to
control urinary and fecal continence
Aid in sexual performance
Stabilize surrounding joints
The pelvic floor muscles stretch like a muscular trampoline from the tailbone (coccyx) to the pubic bone (front to back) and from one sitting bone to the other sitting bone (side to side). These muscles are normally firm and thick.
Imagine the pelvic floor muscles as a round mini-trampoline made of firm muscle. Just like a trampoline, the pelvic floor is able to move down and up. The bladder, uterus (for women) and bowel lie on the pelvic floor muscle layer.
The pelvic floor muscle layer has hole for passages to pass through.There are two passages in men (the urethra and anus) and three passages in women (the urethra, vagina and anus). The pelvic floor muscles normally wrap quite firmly around these holes to help keep the passages shut. There is also an extra circular muscle around the anus (the anal sphincter) and around the urethra (the urethral sphincter).
Although the pelvic floor is hidden from view, it can be consciously controlled and therefore trained, much like our arm, leg or abdominal muscles.

20. Psoas

21. Layers of the Pelvic Floor Urogenital diaphragm layer
Perineal
Bulbocavernosus
Ischiocavernosus
Superficial transverse perineal
External anal sphincter
Urogenital diaphragm layer
Compressor urethera
Uretrovaginal sphincter
Deep transverse perineal
Pelvic diaphragm:
Levator ani: pubococcygeus (pubovaginalis, puborectalis), iliococcygeus
Coccygeus/ischiococcygeus
Piriformis
Level the levels, pelvic diaphragm, diaphragm, upper palette.

22. Layers of the Pelvic Floor
Perineal
Bulbocavernosus
Ischiocavernosus
Superficial transverse perineal
External anal sphincter
Male
Female

23. Layers of the Pelvic Floor
Pelvic Diaphragm
Sacrum
Levator Ani
Puborectalis
Pubococcygeus
Iliococcygeus
Piriformis
Coccygeus
Levator ani & Coccygeus
form the pelvic floor
Piriformis & obturator
internus form the lateral wall
Levator ani

27. The balance of flexion & extension
Good posture is:
The balance of flexion & extension
The balance of internal & external rotation

28. What Muscles Determine The Position Of the Pelvis?
Quadriceps
Hamstrings
Psoas Major
Quadratus Lumborum
Gluteus maximus
Rectus Abdominis
Latissiums Dorsi
Multifidus
Levator Ani
Gluteus medius
Erector spinea
Quadratus Femoris
Adductors
Tensor Fascia Latae

29. Lateral Rotators Piriformis Quadratus femoris Obturator externus
Obturator internus
Gemellus superior
Gemellus inferior
Abduction of the flexed thigh is important in the action of walking because it shifts the body weight to the opposite side of the foot being lifted, which prevents falling.
The action of the lateral rotators can be understood by crossing the legs to rest an ankle on the knee of the other leg. This causes the femur to rotate and point the knee laterally. The lateral rotators also oppose medial rotation by the gluteus medius and gluteus minimus.
When the hip is flexed to 90 degrees, piriformis abducts the femur at the hip and reverses primary function, internally rotating the hip when the hip is flexed at 90 degrees or more. (Netter's Clinical Anatomy, 2010)
CC BY-SA 3.0,

30. Piriformis One of three muscles connecting the legs to the spine
Laterally rotates femur with hip extension
Abduct femur with hip flexion
Abduction of the flexed thigh is important in the action of walking because it shifts the body weight to the opposite side of the foot being lifted, which prevents falling.
The action of the lateral rotators can be understood by crossing the legs to rest an ankle on the knee of the other leg. This causes the femur to rotate and point the knee laterally. The lateral rotators also oppose medial rotation by the gluteus medius and gluteus minimus.
When the hip is flexed to 90 degrees, piriformis abducts the femur at the hip and reverses primary function, internally rotating the hip when the hip is flexed at 90 degrees or more. (Netter's Clinical Anatomy, 2010)
CC BY-SA 3.0,

31. Obturator Internus Laterally rotate femur with hip extension
Abduct femur with hip flexion
Stabilize the femoral head in the acetabulum
Bridge on a blanket
CC BY-SA 3.0,

32. Obturator Externus Lateral rotator of the hip joint
Stabilizes the hip joint as a postural muscle
Bridge on a blanket

33. Gemellus Superior & Anterior
Gamellus superior
Gamellus inferior
Laterally rotates the extended thigh
Abducts the flexed thigh at the hip
Stabilizes the femoral head in the acetabulum
The gemelli aid obturator internus. They both insert on the greater trochanter, but indirectly through the tendon of the obturator internus.
As obturator internus turns around the lesser sciatic notch it loses some of its power; this is compensated for by the action of the gemelli

34. Quadratus Femoris External Rotation Adduction
Origin on the ischial tuberosity
Insertion on greater trochanter
Quadrilateral muscle
Bridge on a blanket
Quadratus Femoris
CC BY-SA 3.0,

35. Working ipsilateraly QL lateral flexes the spine
Quadratus Lumborum
When working bilaterally QL extends the spine & stabilizes 12th rib while breathing.
Working ipsilateraly QL lateral flexes the spine
Bridge on a blanket

36. Iliopsoas The most important pelvic Muscle that doesn’t attach
to the pelvis
It’s alignment determines the
relationship of the upper
and lower body
Pectineus is only one innervated by femoral nerve
Soccer kicking, not horseback riding
Block between the thighs
Femoral heads

37. Iliacus Flexes and externally rotates the femur
Similar function to the psoas but acts only on the hip
Pectineus is only one innervated by femoral nerve
Soccer kicking, not horseback riding
Block between the thighs
Femoral heads

38. Iliotibial Band ITB and TFL extend, abduct, & laterally rotate the hip
Stabilizes the knee in extension and a bit of flexion
TFL shortens the ITB at the knee
Half of the torque required to hold us up when pelvis is well aligned/ 90% of the torque when misaligned
Tasasana
Parsvatonasana
Legs crossed by 2 inches
tadasana

39. Iliotibial Band The ITB is not muscle and doesn’t forgive
bad posture the way muscle does
Misalignment of the femurs affects the ITB
As the bones shift forward pulling the ITB backwards
Stabilizes the hip while walking
It’s evolution has been geared towards running
Acts as a spring to aid in locomotion
Storage of energy for human itband 15 to 20 times greater than a chimp

40. Tensor Fasciae Latae Tensor fasciae latae External Rotation Adduction
Pectineus
Rectus
femoris
Sartorious
Adductor
longus
External Rotation
Adduction
Stabilizes the pelvis on the leg
Origin on the ischial tuberosity
Insertion on greater trochanter
Quadrilateral muscle
Tensor of the Outer Fascia
Bridge on a blanket
Stabilizes the pelvis on the leg when standing

41. Quadriceps Rectus Femoris Flexes the thigh at the hip
Only quadriceps muscle to connect to the pelvis
Hip flexor along with psoas and sartorious.
Weak when knee is extended
Block lunges
Ankle to knee backwards

42. Gluteal Muscles Gluteus Minimus Gluteus Medius Gluteus Maximus
Bridge on a blanket
Gluteus Minimus Gluteus Medius Gluteus Maximus

43. Gluteus Maximus Big bubble of a muscle
Brought us up to stand w/ hamstrings
Extends and externally rotates the leg
Connects into the IT Band
Tends to be overly engaged.
We are a tight assed people and we
need to let go.
Bridge on a blanket

44. Gluteus Medius
The front half helps to flex and internally rotate the hip.
The back half helps to extend and externally rotate the hip.
Abducts the thigh
Together both halves abduct the hip and stabilize the pelvis.
Back pain muscle
Bridge on a blanket
CC BY-SA 3.0,

45. Gluteus Minimus
The front half helps to flex and internally rotate the hip
The back half helps to extend and externally rotate the hip
Abducts the thigh
Together both halves abduct the hip and stabilize the pelvis
Bridge on a blanket

46. Hamstrings semimembranosus semitendinosus biceps femoris
Test the length of your hamstring
Standing hamstring legnth demo
semimembranosus
semitendinosus
biceps femoris

47. Hamstrings Biceps Femoris Two heads: One on tuberosity, one on pelvis.
Attachment on tuberosity extends
the knee
The second head attached to the pelvis
Involves the muscle in hip flexion.

48. Hamstrings Semimembranosus Extends the thigh at the hip
Medially rotates the leg if the knee is flexed

49. Hamstrings Semitendinosus Extends the thigh at the hip
Medially rotates the leg if the knee is flexed

50. Adductors 5 adductors Pull the leg towards the midline
Adductor magnus acts like a extensor and
flexor as well as adductor
One of the holy trinity of muscle groups
Pectineus is only one innervated by femoral nerve
Soccer kicking, not horseback riding
Block between the thighs
Femoral heads
By Beth ohara - Own work, CC BY-SA 3.0,

51. Adductors psoas major pectineus pectineus Adductor brevis adductor
magnus
adductor
longus
adductor
longus
gracillis
gracillis
rectus
femoris