1. Separate-but-Equal
AP Government

2. Motivation
Is it possible for there to be separate, but equal educational institutions?
What are the pro’s and con’s of it as a system?
Plessy v. Ferguson (1896) established the separate-but-equal doctrine.

3. Plessy v. Ferguson
Plessy was 7/8 white and 1/8 black refused to obey the Louisiana law requiring blacks and whites to occupy separate cars on trains operated by the state.

4. 14th Amendment (1868)
“No state shall… deny to any person within its jurisdiction the equal protection of the laws.”
This is known as the equal protection clause.
Did Plessy v. Ferguson reaffirm this right?

5. Brown vs. Board of Education of Topeka (1954)
Student presentation
De jure (legally permitted) segregation vs. de facto (circumstances produce it even though no law requires it) segregation

6. The Civil Rights Act of 1964
Forbade specific forms of discrimination on the basis of race, color, national origin, religion, and gender
Outlawed discrimination in public places of accommodation, such as hotels, restaurants, theaters, and public transportation
It cut off federal funds for any federal or state government project or facility that practiced any form of discrimination.
It banned discrimination in employment.
It outlawed arbitrary discrimination in employment.
It outlawed arbitrary discrimination in voter registration.
It authorized the federal government to sue to desegregate public schools and facilities.

7. Other important changes…
Title IX of the Education Amendment Act of Article and Video
The Voting Rights Act of 1965 Article and Video.