1. EXPLORATION
(SS8H1b) –Evaluate the impact of European exploration and settlement on American Indians in Georgia.
b. Explain reasons for European exploration and settlement of North America, with emphasis on the interests of the Spanish and British in the Southeastern area. .

2. In the 15th century, the Native American were developing traditions in America, while European nations were much more advanced and in competition with one another for wealth and military might.
However, even the most modern countries did not have electricity and sewage systems.

3. In the 1200s explorer Marco Polo traveled the known world
In the 1200s explorer Marco Polo traveled the known world. News of fantastic riches and spices in the east (the east was simply called India) was spread through an account of his travels. In Europe, demand for spices & silks increased.

4. For centuries, Europeans traveled Polo's route the Silk Road – to trade with the East.

5. Problems with the Silk Route
It was a 4,000 mile journey to Asia by land.
Difficult journey through mountains and deserts.
By the 1400s, the Silk Road was infested with bandits.
It was no longer safe for Europeans.

6. For centuries, the people in the East had no idea that the west existed.
Europeans wanted luxurious items from Asia. They were trying to find a water route to buy these goods.

7. So, the hunt was on for a faster, safer route to Asia by sea and the Age of Exploration began.
Fears of the Europeans:
Belief that the world was flat
The equator = death
Really expensive
Sea monsters
The Race was On!!

10. -Landed in San Salvador (Bahamas)
Explorer
Years
Nationality
Achievement
Christopher Columbus  
 Italy
-Landed in San Salvador (Bahamas)
-Central, South America, Puerto Rico, Jamaica, and the Virgin Islands.
John Cabot
 1497
Italy
-Discovered Newfoundland in present day Canada.
Amerigo Vespucci
 1499
 -Navigator who gave his name to the new world, America
Vasco Nunez de Balboa   
 1513
Spain
 -Crossed the isthmus of Panama
Ponce de Leon
 Spain
 Discovered Florida
Hernando Cortes
 1539
-Mexico , conquered Aztecs and won gold and silver treasures.
Ferdinand Magellan
 1522
 Portugal
 Reached Asia by sailing west
Francisco Pizarro 
 1535
-West coast of South America. Defeated the Incas capturing the largest silver mine in the world.
Jacques Cartier  
 France
 Explored St. Lawrence River and gave Canada its name.
Hernando De Soto
 1539 -
Landed in Florida and explored Georgia

11. Four European Powers in a race for Exploration

12. The most powerful kingdoms were:
PORTUGAL

13. The most powerful kingdoms were:
SPAIN

14. The most powerful kingdoms were:
FRANCE

15. The most powerful kingdoms were:
ENGLAND

16. Portugal’s Prince Henry (The Navigator)was committed to being the first to reach India by sea. He believed the quickest route to India was to sail around Africa.
SS8H1 – The student will evaluate the development of Native American cultures and the impact of European exploration and settlement on the Native American cultures in Georgia.

17. Portugal started off as the strongest nation in exploration until they were inadvertently kicked out of the race by Pope Alexander the VI who drew the Line of Demarcation.
His purpose was to keep the Catholic nations of Spain and Portugal from going to war, but he instead ensured that Spain would be the dominant world power. Spain claimed all of the lands in the New World
Portuguese Claims
Spanish Claims

18. With the exception of a small portion of land in South America (modern-day Brazil), the Portuguese were forbidden to settle in the New World because of the Line of Demarcation.
Spanish Claims
Portuguese Claims

19. Not to be outdone by the Portuguese, Spanish rulers, King Ferdinand and Queen Isabella, were desperate to find a water route to India.
They heard of an Italian explorer, Christopher Columbus. Columbus believed that the earth was round, smaller than most people believed, and Asia was much larger. He believed the quickest way to India was to sail west.

20. Background Information on Spain
Hand Break- No writing, just discussion.
“Spain in the time of Christopher Columbus was, generally, violent and unstable.”
Outbreaks of plague, tortures of citizens, and religious inquisitions against Jews and Muslims contributed to the turbulence.
According to historians, the outbreak of diseases throughout Europe killed 10 to 20 percent of many towns’ populations with each new wave.
An unpredictable, unstable economic climate contributed to famine and malnutrition.
Large pits of sewage and mass graves were breeding grounds for disease, and most of the population neither bathed nor kept clean.
During the years in which Columbus was traveling from court to court in search of someone to support his trip and his theories, the Inquisition was raging in Spain. The powerful leaders within Spain tortured, maimed, and killed those believed to be non-Christian.

21. In 1492, Christopher Columbus was financed by the Spanish monarchs to find a water route to Asia. He set sail with 3 ships, a crew, and Food.
Columbus headed west, but instead of Asia, landed in …

22. Columbus thought he was in India, so he called the Natives “Indians”
Also called: San Salvador
The Bahamas
Columbus thought he was here!
But he was actually here
Columbus thought he was in India, so he called the Natives “Indians”

23. The discovery of the “New World” made Spain the dominant world power.
In all, Columbus made four trips to North America, but he always believed, until he died, that he had found India.

25. The rulers of Spain soon realized that Columbus had discovered a New World. They began to send Spanish explorers, called conquistadors (conquerors), to take control of their newly discovered lands.

26. However, France and England began to explore as well!!
Spain

27. Spain Why did Spain explore? To find a water route to Asia
God- Spain wanted to convert Native Americans to Christianity (Catholicism).
Gold – riches to enhance their treasury
Glory- acquire new lands to expand the Spanish empire
Where did Spain settle?
South and Central America
Florida
Georgia’s Barrier Islands
When?
1500’s

28. Other nations, particularly England and France, were not willing to allow Spain alone to benefit from gains in the America.

29. France also desired wealth & resources
France also desired wealth & resources. French explorers sought wealth and power.
The French Explorer, Verrazano, explored the North American coast
In 1562, Jean Ribault explored Georgia’s coastline in search of the ideal location to establish a French colony. He chose South Carolina instead.

30. French Exploration
The French were unable to compete with the military might of Spain in the southeast.
After the slaughter of the French at Fort Caroline in 1565, they largely avoided encounters with the Spanish.
They continued to explore the new world but focused on Canada, and along the Mississippi and Ohio River Valleys.

31. France Why did France explore? To find and resources Power and wealth
Spread Christianity
Serious Fur trade
Where did France settle?
Louisiana (along the Mississippi)
Canada
Ohio River Valley
When?
Late 1600’s
Explored and settled in North America (last to explore)

32. English Exploration

33. England was actually the SECOND European nation to explore the new world. In 1497, the English ignored Spain's claims to the New World and sent explorer John Cabot to North America. Cabot told of bountiful fish and massive forests, but his explorations were a failure after he was lost at sea.
Cabot's ship, The Matthew

35. With limited money and distracted by "problems at home", the English would not return to the New World for over a hundred years. Spain continued to have the strongest hold on the New World.

36. England Why did England explore? Wished to find wealth, and resources
Wanted to be powerful and wealthy
Wanted to spread Christianity (their version)
Where did England settle?
North America (from Georgia to Maine)
When?
Explored in 1600’s
Settled 13 colonies from 1607 – 1732
Explored after Spain but before the French

37. 1732 1492 1500’s 1700’s 1600’s England Explored and Settled
Georgia became a colony
Columbus discovered the Americas
England Explored and Settled
1732
1492
1500’s
1700’s
1600’s
Spain Explored and settled
France explored and settled

38. What do you remember about… European exploration in Georgia???
Lesson Two (SS8H1c) – The student will explain reasons for European exploration and settlement of North America, with emphasis on the interests of the French, Spanish, and British in the southeastern area.
What do you remember about…
European exploration in Georgia???
Which European nation colonized each area?
Spain
France
England

39. What do you remember about… European exploration in Georgia???
Lesson Two (SS8H1c) – The student will explain reasons for European exploration and settlement of North America, with emphasis on the interests of the French, Spanish, and British in the southeastern area.
What do you remember about…
European exploration in Georgia???
Which European nation colonized each area?
A. Spain B
B. France C
C. England A B