1. CARBON AND ITS COMPOUNDS

2. CARBON
Four electrons in its outermost orbit
Is a non-metal.

3. Compounds of Carbon are Widely Distributed in Nature
# of carbon compounds > all other elements put together.

4. Why so many Carbon Compounds in nature?
Chemically unique.
Can form 4 bonds simultaneously
Very stable
Can form long
chains

5. Carbon Bonds
- single bond
= double bond
triple bond

6. Common Carbon compounds
CO2 –Carbon dioxide
CO –Carbon Monoxide
CH4 –Methane
C2H2 –Acetylene

7. Carbon- Long Chains
Provides a backbone to which other atoms can attach themselves

8. Macromolecules 4 major groups Carbohydrates Lipids Proteins
Nucleic Acids

9. How are macromolecules formed?
through polymerization
large compounds joined with covalent bonds
Monomers link to form polymers
two types:
Addition
no change to compounds
Condensation
compounds change and lose a H2O molecule

11. Carbohydrates made up of C, H, and O Function 1:2:1 ratio
main source of energy
used to build structures

12. Carbohydrates Types: Monosaccharides Disaccharides Polysaccharides
simple sugars
examples: glucose, fructose, lactose, sucrose
Disaccharides
‘two sugars’
Polysaccharides
complex sugars
examples: starch, glycogen, cellulose

13. Lipids made up of C and H Types and Function:
Fats and oils - long term storage of energy
Waxes - waterproof covering
Steroids - serve as chemical messenger

14. Lipids Saturated- maximum # of hydrogen atoms possible
solid at room temperature
Unsaturated- double bonds between C
liquid at room temperature

15. Nucleic Acids Made up of C, H, N, O, and P Formed from nucleotides
sugar, phosphate, and a base
Examples: DNA

16. Nucleic Acids
Function
Store and transmit genetic information

18. Protein
Made up of C, H, O, and N.
Formed from amino acids

19. Protein Functions control rate of reactions
regulate cellular processes
act as catalysts

20. Amino Acids
Organization
Primary
Secondary
Tertiary
Quaternary

21. Flip Chart Must include: each of the 4 Macromolecule (4 pts each)
a picture
function
what they are made up of
Color (1pts)
Total= 17 pts