1. Evolution
Where we came from…

2. Evolution Part 1
What is DNA’s role?

3. What is DNA? Double helix of nucleotides
Nucleotide - phosphate- sugar backbone
- Nitrogen bases (A-T, G-C)

4. Function of DNA DNA holds the code for making proteins
DNA knows the exact order the Amino Acids need to go in to make specific protein

5. What happens if DNA changes?
Start with this DNA strand
Change it into RNA
The RNA will tell what order the AA will be in
Change a base in the DNA
RNA will now look like now
The AA order will look like this now

6. Effect of DNA Change A new protein is produced
Proteins have many functions
It may have been a protein for pigment (colour)
Instead of camouflage now the organism is bright red!

7. What to know Theory of evolution
describe the five agents of evolutionary change:
Mutation
genetic drift
gene flow
non-random mating
natural selection

8. The Theory of Evolution:
Life on Earth has changed over time
Descent with modification-Passing on genes from parents with changes
Modern organisms have descended from ancient organisms

9. Genes and Evolution Chromosomes structure that contains DNA
Genes specific region of chromosome that carry the information to produce a specific protein
Ex) Eye colour
Alleles are variations of genes
Ex) Blue, green, brown or red eyes

10. Mutation Changes in DNA This affects the proteins that are produced
Mutation in the hair colour DNA can change this
Into this

11. Genetic drift
the change in the frequency of an allele in a population due to random sampling

12. Gene flow
the transfer of alleles or genes from one population to another.

13. Non-random mating
occurs when the probability that two individuals in a population will mate is not the same for all possible pairs of individuals
An organism is more likely to mate with another within their community (inbreeding)
dark plumage in American Robin indicates reproductive performance

14. Natural selection
Gradual mechanism where “traits” become more/ less common based on the fitness of organism
Ie) Survival of the fittest- most favorable organisms survive to reproduce

16. ADAPTATION is any genetically controlled characteristic of an organism that increases its fitness (ability to survive and reproduce)