1. INTRODUCTION TO HUMAN BODY
CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION TO HUMAN BODY

2. Major body Systems
INTEGUMENTARY- skin- protects underlying layers and regulates water, body temp. etc
SKELETAL- bones, cartilage, ligaments-supports body and provides framework
MUSCULAR- muscles and tendons- movement of the body
NERVOUS- brain, spinal cord, nerves- sense and react to stimuli
ENDOCRINE- glands- release hormones
CARDIOVASCULAR (CIRCULATORY)-heart and blood vessels- carries blood (nutrients, oxygen) throughout the body

3. Major body Systems
7. LYMPHATIC- lymph nodes, spleen- cleanse the blood, immune system
8. RESPIRATORY- lungs, trachea- exchange gases
9. DIGESTIVE- stomach, intestines, liver- breakdown food
10. URINARY- kidneys, bladder- maintain water/salt balance, regulate acid/base balance
11. REPRODUCTIVE- ovaries, testes- produce gametes and development of fetus

4. NEGATIVE FEEDBACK SYSTEM

5. NEGATIVE FEEDBACK SYSTEM IN ACTION

6. ANATOMICAL POSITION
Body upright with the feet pointing parallel, arms at sides and palms facing forward

7. ANATOMICAL DIRECTIONAL TERMS
Direction or Location
SUPERIOR
Towards the top of the head
INFERIOR
Towards the bottom of the feet
ANTERIOR
Towards the front of the body
POSTERIOR
Towards the back of the body
MEDIAL
Towards the midline of the body
LATERAL
Away from the midline of the body
INTERMEDIATE
Between medial and lateral
PROXIMAL
Close to a region or joint
DISTAL
Away from a region or joint
SUPERFICIAL
Nearer to the surface
DEEP (PROFOUND)
Further from the body surface

8. ANATOMICAL DIRECTIONAL TERMS
PERIPHERAL- extending from a main part CENTRAL- towards the main part DORSAL-towards the back- VENTRAL- towards the front

9. BODY LANDMARKS (page 13) ANTERIOR ABDOMINAL- below ribs anteriorly
ACROMIAL shoulder joint
ANTECUBITAL- elbow
AXILLARY armpit
BRACHIAL upper arm
BUCCAL cheek
CARPAL wrist
CERVICAL neck
COXAL hip
CRURAL leg
DIGITAL fingers

10. ANTERIOR LANDMARKS FEMORAL upper leg- thigh FIBULAR lower leg- lateral
INGUINAL groin
NASAL nose
ORAL mouth
ORBITAL eyes
PATELLAR knee cap
PELVIC front of hips
PUBIC genital region
STERNAL anterior chest- breastbone
TARSAL ankle
THORACIC chest

11. POSTERIOR LANDMARKS CEPHALIC- head DELTOID- shoulder GLUTEAL buttock
LUMBAR lower spine
OCCIPITAL posterior skull
POPLITEAL posterior knee
SACRAL tail bone
SCAPULAR shoulder blade
SURAL posterior calf
VERTEBRAL all of spine

12. TYPES OF SECTIONS

13. SECTIONS Cont.
CROSS SECTION--- LONGITUDINAL SECTION--

14. BODY CAVITIES
Dorsal body Cavity- contains Cranial cavity and spinal cavity

15. BODY CAVITIES VENTRAL BODY CAVITY- contains
THORACIC CAVITY (above the diaphragm)
ABDOMINAL CAVITY (below the diaphragm)
PELVIC CAVITY- (inside the hip bones)