1. By Syra Shakir, Senior Lecturer
Have we got it right?
By Syra Shakir, Senior Lecturer

2. Case Studies

3. Case Studies

4. An account of Child Sexual Exploitation or of Radicalisation
An account of Child Sexual Exploitation or of Radicalisation? You decide..
‘’ He/ She told me we would be together forever’’ ‘’ He/ She promised me a better life if I left my family behind and cut any communication with them’’. ‘’ He/ She said they loved me and would give me whatever I wanted’’. ‘’ He/ She was always there for me when I needed them and I wasn’t lonely anymore’’. ‘’I felt wanted, I felt loved’’. ‘’ I travelled far and away with him/ her’’. ‘’ I had my first child when I was a teenager’’.

5. Grooming, Exploitation, Radicalisation
According to the NSPCC (2019), definitions:
Grooming is when someone builds a relationship, trust and emotional connection with a child or young person so they can manipulate, exploit and abuse them.
Children and young people who are groomed can be sexually abused, exploited or trafficked.
Anybody can be a groomer, no matter their age, gender or race. Grooming can take place over a short or long period of time – from weeks to years. Groomers may also build a relationship with the young person's family or friends to make them seem trustworthy or authoritative.
Types of grooming
Children and young people can be groomed online, in person or both – by a stranger or someone they know. This could be a family member, a friend or someone who has targeted them – like a teacher, faith group leader or sports coach. When a child is groomed online, groomers may hide who they are by sending photos or videos of other people. Sometimes this'll be of someone younger than them to gain the trust of a "peer". They might target one child online or contact lots of children very quickly and wait for them to respond.
Radicalisation
The government's Prevent Duty Guidance (2015) defines radicalisation as "the process by which a person comes to support terrorism and extremist ideologies associated with terrorist groups".
Extremism
‘’vocal or active opposition to fundamental British values, including democracy, the rule of law, individual liberty and mutual respect and tolerance of different faiths and beliefs. We also include in our definition of extremism calls for the death of members of our armed forces, whether in this country or overseas. (HM Government Revised Prevent Duty Guidance 16th July 2015)

6. ( Provided by NECTU, North East Counter Terrorism Unit)
The ‘ Vulnerability Assessment Framework- VAF' – 3 Dimensions/ 22 factors (NECTU, North East Counter Terrorism Unit)
Engagement
Intent
Capability
Feelings of anger/injustice
Feelings of threat/insecurity
Need for identity/belonging
Need for status
Need for excitement/ adventure
Dominance and control
Susceptibility to indoctrination
Political/moral motivation
Opportunistic involvement
Family/friends support extremism
Transitional periods
Group influence and control
Mental Health
14. Over-identification with group
15. 'Them & Us Thinking'
16. Dehumanisation of enemy
17. Attitudes that justify offending
18. Harmful means to an end
19. Harmful Objectives
20. Knowledge/skills
21. Access to
networks/ funding
22. Criminal history
( Provided by NECTU, North East Counter Terrorism Unit)

7. Provided by West Yorkshire Police
Indicators of abuse Health Education Emotional and Behavioural development Family and social relationships Social Presentation Parental capacity Family and environmental factors Housing Income Families social Integration
Provided by West Yorkshire Police

8. ( Provided by NECTU, North East Counter Terrorism Unit)
Male
Under
achievement
Average/low
intelligence
High
Unemployment
rate
Poor social -
economic
areas
Mental
Illness/
learning
difficulties
Criminality
Limited
Education
Young
The profile of a National Action member started to change in the late 2015 and early A new era of National Socialist was created and National Action was at the forefront of that.
The stereotype of a Neo Nazi subject is skin head, and boots. National Action changed the vision to a Hitler Youth looking organisation. This included young females. This softens the look of an XRW group by having females involved at demonstrations.
( Provided by NECTU, North East Counter Terrorism Unit)
Official Sensitive

9. Exploitation of Children and Young People
Impacts:
struggle with trust and be fearful of forming new relationships
become isolated from family and friends
fail exams or drop out of education
become pregnant at a young age
experience unemployment
have mental health problems
make suicide attempts
abuse alcohol and drugs
take part in criminal behaviour
experience homelessness
Serious injury or even death