1. GIG
Read the passage and mark your answers on your whiteboard. NOT ON THE PAPER.
Questions 5-6.

2. Periodic Table Review

3. Review of Topics for Tomorrow’s Test
Major groups
Alkali metals - extremely reactive metals
Alkaline earth metals - highly reactive metals
Chalcogens - reactive substances
Halogens - extremely reactive substances
Noble Gases - non-reactive, full valence shells

4. Basic Information on the Periodic Table
The atomic number shows the number of protons an element has.
Moving across a period, each element gains one proton.
In a group, each element has the same number of valence electrons.

5. Filling a Valence Shell
All atoms try to get to a full valence shell. Unless they are noble gases, this means gaining or losing electrons.
The first shell holds 2 electrons. Other shells hold 8.
The smallest atoms (up to boron) look to get to 2 valence electrons. All others try to get to 8.

6. Filling a Valence Shell
Every element in a group has the same number of valence electrons, which means they react in a similar manner.

7. Isotopes
The number of protons in an atom determines which element it is, but not all atoms of an element have the same number of neutrons.
Isotopes are atoms of the same element with different numbers of neutrons.
Isotopes are identified by element name and atomic mass, e.g., carbon-12, neon-20.

8. Groups Have Similar Properties
Remember how Mendeleev predicted many properties of undiscovered elements?
Groups have the same number of valence electrons, which is a major indicator of how they will react.

9. Chemical Symbols
An element’s chemical symbol is either one uppercase letter or an uppercase letter followed by a lowercase letter.
As Po Mg K
Ars Pol mG pSm

10. Chemical Symbols
If more than one atom is present in a substance, a subscript number shows how many atoms there are.
MgCl H2SO4
MgClCl HHSOOOO

11. Conservation of Mass
The law of conservation of mass states that in any reaction, the total mass does not change. In other words, no matter is created or destroyed.
Many reactions consume solids and produce gases, but the total mass at the end does not change.

12. Conservation of Mass
The copper cycle demonstrates conservation of mass. Cu(s) reacts with other substances and moves through various solid and aqueous states, but ultimately returns to Cu(s). Regardless of its physical state and chemical bonds, it is still copper and is never destroyed or created.

13. The Flame Test
The flame test causes a valence electron to absorb heat energy and move to the next electron shell. As it cools, the protons in the nucleus pull it back to the valence shell. It releases the absorbed energy as a photon.
Different elements produce different-colored photons, which allows you to test for the presence of certain elements by waving a substance through flames.

14. Physical and Chemical Changes
Chemical changes involve atoms breaking or forming bonds through transferring or sharing electrons.
All other changes are physical.
Cutting, melting, boiling, the flame test … all are physical changes because no bonds were formed or broken.
Sodium and Bromine bonding to gain or lose electrons is a chemical change.

15. Density
Density is mass divided by volume. It is usually shown as g/mL or g/cm3.
10 g of mass in 5 mL of space means a density of 2 g/mL.
If two samples have the same volume (same size) but one feels heavier (has more mass), that one is denser.

16. Study Guide
Working with your table partners, complete the study guide. When everyone at your table is finished, you can move on to Periodic Table Jeopardy.

17. Periodic Table Jeopardy
Pick one person to be the host. The host sorts the cards and places them with the topic/dollar amount facing up. The players hold a pencil. The player whose birthday is coming up soonest goes first and chooses the first square. The host reads questions and keeps score. After finishing the game board, each player writes down a bet for final jeopardy, then the host reads the final jeopardy question.

18. Homework
Study for periodic table and elements test on Friday.

19. Closure Answer on your whiteboard:
Which group is the least reactive? Why?