1. The Periodic Table

2. Elements in the Periodic Table
Groups
Periods

3. Introduction to Terminologies
Groups
Periods
Periodic table: It is the tabular display of chemical elements.
Group: A group or a
family is a vertical column in the periodic table
Period : The horizontal row in a periodic table is called a period.

4. Details in the Periodic Table
Atomic Number (Z)
= number of electrons
= number of protons
Atomic Mass (A)
= number of (protons + neutrons)
Also called Atomic Weight.

5. Reading the Periodic Table

6. Groups 18 groups in standard periodic table, numbered from 1 to 18
Elements in a group have similar configurations of the outermost shells, leading to similar properties.

7. Group Names Group 1: Alkali metals Group 2: Alkaline earth metals
Group 3-11 : Transition Metals
Group 17: Halogens
Group 18: Noble gases

8. Periods There are 7 periods in the table.
Elements of the same period have the same number of electron shells.
Within each group across a period, the number of electrons and protons increases, leading to increase in atomic number.
Elements within the same period do not generally show similarity in properties, except d-block and f-block (lanthanides) elements.

10. Trends in the Periodic Table
Trends occur due to the electronic configurations of elements.

11. Periodic Trends - Summary

12. Classification of Elements in Periodic Table
Classification depends on the difference in physical and chemical properties of elements:
Metals (yellow )
Nonmetals (green)
Metalloids (purple)

13. Properties of Metals Shiny solids at room temperature, except mercury.
Good conductor of both heat and electricity.
High melting point and density.
Shiny and lustrous.
Ductile and malleable.
Metals can be alloyed.

14. Properties of Nonmetals
Insulators of heat and electricity.
Dull surface.
Low density, compared to metals.
Low melting temperatures.
Brittle solids

15. Properties of Metalloids
Has properties of both metals and nonmetals
Possess some characteristics of metals/some of nonmetals
Reactivity depends on properties of other elements in reaction
Often make good semiconductors

17. Sources www.chemistry.mtu.edu/~kmsmith/SYP/.../periodic%20table.ppt