1. 52. Compare sexual and asexual reproduction
Meiosis is not required
The organism will “clone” itself through mitosis or budding
No division of DNA
Diploid-Diploid
Bacteria
Meiosis required
Formation of egg and sperm
Half if the genetic info (haploid)
Egg and sperm will fuse to create zygote
Genetic information will be different from the parents
Combination

2. 53. Diploid vs. Haploid “complete” set of genetic information
Somatic cells (body cells) 2N
“Half” of the genetic information usually found in the organism
Gametes (egg and sperm) N

3. 54.
Fertilization – egg + sperm = zygote
Zygote – fertilized egg and sperm (diploid)
Cleavage – first few mitotic cell divisions after zygote is formed
Morula – solid ball of cells after zygote begins to divide
Blastula – fluid filled ball of cells
Implantation – -blastocyst attaches to uterine wall
Gastrulation – cells of blastocyst develop into 3 germ layers to form gastrula
Embryo – implantation to 8 weeks
Fetus – after 8 weeks

4. = unspecialized cells that have the potential to differentiate
55. Stem Cells
= unspecialized cells that have the potential to differentiate
Cell Differentiation
= giving cells specific jobs. Begins with neurulation

5. 57. The PLACENTA is a maternal-fetal organ which begins developing at implantation of the blastocyst
Exchanges
nutrients,
gases, and
waste
products
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6. 58. The formation of 3 germ layers
a. Endoderm
Inner-most layer
(digestive tract)
b. Mesoderm
Middle layer
(internal organs)
c. Ectoderm
Outer-most layer
(skin and nervous system)
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