1. Middle Colonies

4. New York - Origin
Henry Hudson – Sailing for the Dutch (Netherlands) in 1609
The Dutch wanted NY to be a trading post
Looked to join the fur trade with Iroquois Natives
Originally called “New Netherlands”
formed from the core of Manhattan which had been purchased from the Native Americans by Peter Minuit for trinkets. Became the capital of New Netherland.

5. New York – Becoming English
By 1664, English bring 4 warships with the intent to take New Amsterdam
New Amsterdam very diverse, most not even Dutch at this point – so English agreed to allow citizens to keep their trade rights. New Amsterdam was surrendered without a fight.
The English government renamed the town, New York, after James, Duke of York. He was given control of the colony of New Netherland.

7. New Jersey
Originally, the territory of NJ and NY were together, but it was too large for the Duke of York to govern
Split between 2 of his friends – Lord John Berkeley and Sir George Carteret
The name of the colony comes from the Isle of Jersey, Carteret's birthplace.
Got people to come by promising religious freedom and a representative government
Became a place of religious diversity – Puritans, Quakers, Baptists, and Protestants

8. Pennsylvania

9. Pennsylvania “The Holy Experiment”
William Penn the Quaker
Quakers were persecuted in England
Individual relationship with God instead of strict hierarchies of other churches
Pacifists – would not fight in wars
Looking for religious freedom – called Pennsylvania “The Holy Experiment”
King Charles II of England owed money to Penn’s father and ALSO wanted to get rid of the Quakers, so he gave Penn a charter for land in March of 1681

10. Frame of Government of Pennsylvania
a harmonious society, unhampered by intolerance, would be a prosperous society as well.
Created a framework for governing that made sure no one took absolute power and met peoples’ needs
Balance of power
Freedom of religion
Penn also argued that colonists should pay natives for land they took and be kind
Led to better relations with natives

11. Delaware

12. Delaware
founded in 1638 by European colonists from the Netherlands and Sweden.
Served as a trading post for early settlers
Linked to Pennsylvania once English take over
Delaware first considered “lower country Pennsylvania”
Delaware stayed a part of Pennsylvania from
Officially split because it was far from the capital of Pennsylvania so better to just make a separate colony

13. Connections to Penn
Pennsylvania’s Frame of Government attracted many people from all over the world to Pennsylvania/Delaware
This is why a lot of Swedish and Dutch lived in Delaware.
Not only did Delaware continue to serve as a place for trade, but it adopted many of the religious freedoms from the Pennsylvania Frame of Government.