1. Dative – Indirect Object Accusative – Direct Object
Case Names and Uses
Nominative - Subject
Genitive - Possessive
Dative – Indirect Object
Accusative – Direct Object
Ablative – When, Where, How

2. Case Names Uses Translations
Nominative
Subj / Pred.Nom. (pred.n. / pred. adj.)
does the action (pred. nom. must have linking v.)
Genitive
Possession
…’s/s’/ OF
Dative
Ind. Obj. (w/ v. give, tell, show) / w/ special verbs / Compound v.
“to/for”
Accusative
Direct Object/Obj.
of prepositions
receives the action/
w/ ad, in, per, trans, circum, etc.
Ablative
When/Where/How
w/ ab, ex, de, cum, sine, in, etc.

3. Nominative – who/what is acting? whom/what are we talking about?
Subject and Predicate Nominative
(Pred. Nom. Is the SAME as the subject and is used after a linking verb)
Caesar copias ad montes duxit.
Caesar led his troops to the mountains.
Caesar erat dux notissimus.
Caesar was a very famous general.

4. Genitive – Whose is it? Of what? Of whom?
Possession
Partitive (Genitive of the Whole)
W/ verbs: memini, obliviscor
W/ adjectives: plenus, avidus, peritus, egenus
filius Aureliae – the son of Aurelia
pars civium – part of the citizens
memini amici – I remember my friend. (mindful of…)
plenus pecuniae – full of money

5. Dative – translated “to” or “for” – usually a person, not a thing (used w/ verbs: give/tell/show)
Caesar gladios militibus dedit. Caesar gave swords to the soldiers.
villa magna erat Caesari. Caesar had a great villa.
hoc Marco dicendum erat. Marcus had to say this.
non credidit Graecis. He did not believe the Greeks. Marco favet. He supports Marcus.
similis matri; utilis agricolis
like her mother; useful to farmers
Indirect Object
Dative of Possession w/ esse
Agent w/ gerundive & esse
W/ verbs – credo, placet, favet & compound verbs
W/ adjectives – similis, gratus, amicus, carus

6. Accusative – receives the action from the subject
Direct Object
Object of all prepositions except the SID SPACE prepositions (i.e., prep. involving motion, especially towards…)
Extent of space, duration of time
Subject of Infinitive in Ind. Statement
Caesar militibus gladios dedit. Caesar gave swords to the soldiers.
per silvam; trans mare
through the forest; across the sea
duos pedes linea longa; duas horas dormivit
A line two feet long; he slept for two hours
Scio Marcum adesse.
I know (that) Marcus is here.

7. Ablative – used with the SID SPACE prepositions – case of separation
Sub / In / De
Sine / Pro / Ab / Cum / Ex
Ablative of agent (w/ a, ab)
Ablative of means
manner, accompaniment, separation, comparison
W/ verbs: potior, utor, fungor…
W/ adjectives: dignus, indignus
To express quality, price, description
ab urbe; in aqua; pro patria
from the city; in the water; for the ountry
vocatur a patre - he is called by his father.
stilo scribens – writing with a stylus
cum diligentia – with diligence
liberatus timore – freed from fear
exilui gaudio – I jumped for joy
altior mari – deeper than the sea
gladio utitur – he uses a sword
digna laude – worthy of praise