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Chapter 10: The Reshaping of Medieval Europe

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Presentation on theme: "Chapter 10: The Reshaping of Medieval Europe"— Presentation transcript:

1 Chapter 10: The Reshaping of Medieval Europe
I. Revival of Trade

2 Revival of Trade Trade activity had declined Money was in short supply
Travel was often treacherous Towns declined in size Manors were self-sufficient

3 Trade Routes Three main routes from Orient to Mediterranean: Flanders
Southern route Central route Northern route “Silk road” Flanders

4 Markets and Fairs Markets were local Trade fairs Once a week
Regional or international Once a year, lasting several days to several weeks Champagne

5 Money and Banking Production of coins Moneychangers Minting coins
Florin Moneychangers Currency exchange Safekeeping of money Loans and letters of credit

6 The Medieval Church and Business Practices
The Roman Church taught: Just price Prohibition of usury Became an obsolete teaching Results of the revival of trade and changes in business methods

7 Chapter 10: The Reshaping of Medieval Europe
II. Growth of Towns

8 Townsmen Gain Basic Freedoms
Towns were growing Increased farm production Townsmen sought local self-government Obtained in a variety of ways Charter

9 Townsmen Gain Basic Freedoms
Basic freedoms granted in charters: Free status Exemption from manorial obligations Town justice Commercial privileges

10 Establishment of Guilds
Guilds regulated the business activity of a given town Functions Two types: Merchant Craft Organized by occupation

11 Establishment of Guilds
Three classes of craft guild members: Journeyman Apprentice Master Hanseatic League

12 A New Social Class Emerges
Middle class Merchants, bankers, craftsmen, skilled laborers “Men of the town” Gained freedom and money Livelihood was trade

13 A New Social Class Emerges
Social ranking began to shift Nobility’s political authority began to diminish Desire for stable and uniform government

14 Town Life Walled towns became crowded Sanitation problems
Exciting activities

15 Chapter 10: The Reshaping of Medieval Europe
III. Medieval Learning and Art

16 Education Liberal arts curriculum Trivium Grammar (Latin)
Rhetoric (effective speaking) Logic

17 Education Quadrivium Arithmetic Geometry Astronomy Music

18 Revival of Learning Improving political and economic conditions
Contact with Byzantine and Arab civilizations Growing towns and more government functions

19 Universities Centers of learning Master teachers Universitas
Bologna: law Paris: theology

20 Philosophy and Theology
Scholasticism Bible study Scholastic thinkers: Anselm Peter Abelard Thomas Aquinas

21 Philosophy and Theology
Systematic theologians Problem: reason vs. revelation

22 Medieval Science Science had been thought of as merely a secondary source of knowledge Roger Bacon Observation and experimentation

23 Language and Literature
Latin was the established language In education In the Roman Church Vernacular Heroic epics

24 Language and Literature
Troubadours Dante Alighieri Divine Comedy Geoffrey Chaucer The Canterbury Tales

25 Art and Architecture Art was primarily religious
Religious architecture Romanesque Gothic

26 Chapter 10: The Reshaping of Medieval Europe
IV. Emergence of National States

27 Nation-States Nationalism National monarchies Growth of royal power

28 War Between England and France
Hundred Years’ War Causes English holdings in France Flanders Claims to the French throne

29 War Between England and France
Conflict English victories Crécy Poitiers Agincourt Longbows Joan of Arc French eventually win

30 Reconquista in Spain and Portugal
Moors had controlled most of the Iberian Peninsula Reconquista By late 13th century, most of the peninsula had been retaken

31 Reconquista in Spain and Portugal
Three main kingdoms: Portugal Castile Aragon Each kingdom had a council Royal power increased

32 Reconquista in Spain and Portugal
Ferdinand of Aragon Isabella of Castile Spanish Inquisition Drove Moors out of Granada in 1492

33 Disunity in Italy and Germany
Many small regional states Divisions of Italy Imperial authority declined in Germany Golden Bull Diet of Holy Roman Empire

34 Disunity in Italy and Germany
Habsburg Austria Maximilian I Increased Habsburg possessions through marriages

35 Chapter 10: The Reshaping of Medieval Europe
V. Decline of the Roman Church

36 Papal Humiliation Boniface VIII Philip IV Unam Sanctam
Famous papal bull Philip took the pope captive Pope died soon thereafter

37 Papal Exile The next pope was a Frenchman
Papal capital moved to Avignon Babylonian captivity Resentment of non-French Wealth and corruption Calls for reform

38 Papal Schism Gregory XI returned to Rome and soon died
Two papal elections Great Schism A third pope Council of Constance Martin V as sole pope

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