1. Current Status and Future of Subaru Telescope
Michitoshi Yoshida
Subaru Telescope, NAOJ
EAO-Subaru Meeting
2019/01/17

2. Open-use status
EAO-Subaru Meeting
2019/01/17

3. Instrument Lineup of Subaru
facility instruments
Optical wide field camera: HSC [Pr]
Optical camera and spectrograph: FOCAS [Cs]
Optical high dispersion spectrograph: HDS [Ns]
Near-infrared multi-object spectrograph: MOIRCS [Cs]
Near-infrared camera and spectrograph: IRCS [Ns]
Mid-infrared camera and spectrograph: COMICS [Cs]
visiting instruments (PI-type)
Near-infrared high-dispersion spectrograph: IRD [Coude]
Coronagraphic High Angular Resolution Imaging Spectrograph (CHARIS) [Ns]
Extreme adaptive optics: SCExAO [Ns]
adaptive optics
Adaptive optics system: AO188 [Ns]
EAO-Subaru Meeting
2019/01/17

4. Oversubscription rate is ~ 4 – 6
EAO-Subaru Meeting
2019/01/17

5. S18A allocated telescope time
earthquake, bad weather, main shutter problem
37 nights  24.5 nights
SSP
Downtime
Engineering
Staff
Regular Open Use UH
Keck
Gemini
EAO-Subaru Meeting
2019/01/17

6. S18B allocated telescope time
UPS trouble, hurricane/tropical storm, TUE maintenance, etc.
40.5 nights  ～24 nights ?
SSP
Downtime
Engineering
Regular Open Use
Staff UH
Keck
Gemini
as of
EAO-Subaru Meeting
2019/01/17

7. Subaru Strategic Programs
SEEDS ( ) nights finished
“Subaru Strategic Exploration of Exoplanets and Disks with HiCIAO/AO188 (SEEDS)”
Fastsound ( ) nights finished
“Probing the Origin of the Cosmic Acceleration with the Subaru/FMOS Cosmological Redshift Survey”
HSC SSP ( ) nights ongoing
“Wide-field imaging with Hyper Suprime-Cam: Cosmology and Galaxy Evolution”
Collaboration of Japan, Taiwan and Princeton.
IRD SSP ( ) nights were approved as the 1st stage of the project
“Search for Planets like Earth around Late-M Dwarfs: Precise Radial Velocity Survey with IRD”
PFS SSP (2021? ?) ? nights in preparation
Large international PFS collaboration
EAO-Subaru Meeting
2019/01/17

8. HSC SSP 1st Public Data Release in Feb. 2017
Three layer survey
Wide: deg g: 26.5, i: 25.9
Deep: deg g: i: 26.8
Ultra Deep: deg g: i: 27.4
300 nights are allocated from 2014 to 2019
2nd Public Data Release (May 2019)
1st Public Data Release in Feb. 2017
2nd Public Data Release will be in May 2019
EAO-Subaru Meeting
2019/01/17

9. Troubles in 2018
EAO-Subaru Meeting
2019/01/17

10. Troubles in 2018 Very bad weather from January to April
We lost ~75% of the observing time due to the bad weather
Earthquakes triggered by Kilauea volcanic activity
6.9M earthquake on March 4  Subaru operation has been suspended for 2 weeks to check the status of the telescope and dome. The main shutter of the dome was damaged.
HSC observation runs were cancelled from May to September due to earthquakes.
Hurricane Lane
One week (8/22 – 8/27) suspension of the telescope operation
FOCAS and COMICS were damaged.
Malfunction of the main UPS triggered by power outage at the summit.
UPS2 failed on Sep. 13. UPS1 failed on Nov. 6.
The batteries of the UPSs failed  Procure new batteries.

11. Science Results
EAO-Subaru Meeting
2019/01/17

12. Number of publications
Jan. - Nov. 2018
133 papers
EAO-Subaru Meeting
2019/01/17

13. Dennis Crabtree (2018) NRC Herzberg
EAO-Subaru Meeting
2019/01/17

14. Subaru Telescope Widest 3D dark matter map ever
Oguri et al
Growth of the structure clearly visible for the first time.
~3 deg
COSMOS 3D Map
~10 deg
Only Subaru can create this, for now.

15. Subaru Telescope Cosmological Constraints from the HSC-SSP
Hikage et al
The cosmological constraints on the fractional contribution of matter to the energy budget of the Universe were derived by a blind analysis of the HSC data.
The clumpiness and matter fraction of the Universe from the HSC data are consistent with results from other similar observations (DES and KiDS), but are marginally consistent with Planck observation.

16. Subaru Telescope The Rest-frame Optical Sizes of Massive Galaxies with Suppressed Star Formation at z~4
The rest-frame optical sizes of massive quiescent galaxies (QGs) at z∼4 with the IRCS and AO188. The size growth of massive galaxies is proportional to the square of stellar mass, indicating
the size-stellar mass growth driven by minor dry mergers.
Kubo et al
EAO-Subaru Meeting
2019/01/17

17. Subaru Telescope Comet 17P/Holmes was Born in a Region of the Solar Nebula Far from the Sun
Comet 17P/Holmes includes highly volatile species abundantly (with low sublimation temperatures below ~50 K) and that sublimation of these volatiles could be responsible for the comet's explosive releases of dust grains. Comet 17P/Holmes formed in a cold region of the solar nebula far from the Sun.
Four striking thermal emission features of silicate dust grains are seen around 10 microns. The sets of six vertical lines indicate peak wavelengths of the 10.0, 10.4, 11.2 and 11.9 microns lines with Mg/(Mg + Fe) ratios of 100% to 0% in 20% intervals.
Kawakita et al

18. Instrumentation
EAO-Subaru Meeting
2019/01/17

19. New Instrument IRD (InfraRed Doppler spectrograph)
A fiber fed high-dispersion (R=70,000) NIR spectrograph with laser frequency comb  precision of radial velocity measurement ~3 m/s in H-band
Detection of earth-like mass planets around M-dwarfs
Science operation started in S18B.
SSP will start in S19A.
EAO-Subaru Meeting
2019/01/17

20. Subaru’s Wide-Field Strategy in 2020s
Recommendation from Subaru Science Advisory Committee
HSC (2014)
Very wide-field optical imager
Wide-field multi-objet spectrograph
Wide-field near-infrared imager and MOS spectrograph including AO assisted IFU
PFS (2022)
ULTIMATE-Subaru (2026)
Extend Subaru’s survey capability to near-infrared

21. PFS (Prime Focus Spectrograph) (under development; science operation from 2022)
A fiber fed multi-object spectrograph attached to the prime focus of Subaru
2,400 fibers FOV: 1.25 deg2
λ range: – 1.26 μm
Spec. R: 2,300 – 5,000
Sensitivity
Band
magnitude
Blue (0.38 – 0.65 μm)
22.5
Red (0.65 – 0.97 μm)
22.4
NIR (0.97 – 1.26 μm)
21.4
S/N = 1 hour exposure
EAO-Subaru Meeting
2019/01/17

22. Spectrograph Clean Room Metrology Camera System
EAO-Subaru Meeting
Prototype Cable -B
Prototype Science Database
2019/01/17

23. PFS Installation Timeline
Top Unit w/
fiber positioner
Science
Obs.
1st Sp-graph
3rd Sp-graph
Metrology
Camera
2nd Sp-graph
4th Sp-graph
10th PFS Collaboration Meeting was held
at Shanghai Jiao Dong University
from Dec. 10 to 14
EAO-Subaru Meeting
2019/01/17

24. ULTIMATE-Subaru (conceptual design phase)
4 Laser Guide Star System
Wide field near-infrared observation facility using ground layer adaptive optics (GLAO) system
Conceptual Design Review was done in Oct !!
Science Operation: 2026
Deformable
Secondary
Mirror
Wavefront Sensors
Wide Field Near-infrared Instruments
EAO-Subaru Meeting
2019/01/17

25. ULTIMATE-SUBARU PROJECT OVERVIEW ULTIMATE
GLAO CONCEPTUAL DESIGN REVIEW
ULTIMATE-SUBARU
PROJECT OVERVIEW
YOSUKE MINOWA (SUBARU TELESCOPE)
Octorber 8 & 9 at Subaru Hilo
2019/01/17
EAO-Subaru Meeting

26. HIGH-RES “AND” WIDE-FIELD NIR CAPABILITIES
ULTIMATE-SUBARU PROJECT OVERVIEW
HIGH-RES “AND” WIDE-FIELD NIR CAPABILITIES
Subaru/MOIRCS (4’x7’)
Subaru/IRCS
(1’x1’)
HST/WFC3 (2.0’x2.3’)
Star-forming galaxies at z~2
JWST/NIRCAM
VLT/HAWK-I (7.5’x7.5’)
(2x2.2’x2.2’)
ULTIMATE-Subaru (14’x14’)
ULTIMATE-Subaru will deliver:
▸ Subaru’s original High-redshift targets to follow-up with TMT
▸ Spatially-resolved studies of the objects found by HSC/PFS
▸ SDSS-like comprehensive imaging/spec. survey for high-redshift universe (z>2).
▸ Synergy with the future surveys by wide-field space missions (good synergy with
WFIRST)
2019/01/17
EAO-Subaru Meeting

27. WIDE-FIELD ADAPTIVE OPTICS: GLAO
ULTIMATE-SUBARU PROJECT OVERVIEW
WIDE-FIELD ADAPTIVE OPTICS: GLAO
GLAO (0”.2)
Seeing (0”.5)
Uniform seeing improvement over ~20 arcmin FoV
FWHM ~ 0”.2 at K-band, which is equivalent to HST and WFIRST
2019/01/17
EAO-Subaru Meeting

28. COMPARISON WITH TMT AND SPACE MISSIONS IN 2020S
ULTIMATE-SUBARU PROJECT OVERVIEW
COMPARISON WITH TMT AND SPACE MISSIONS IN 2020S
Imaging
MOS
M-IFS JH K
MB, NB J H K
JHK
Pointed observations
JWST, TMT, ...
WFIRST R~500
ULTIMATE
-MIFS
Surveys
WFIRST
ULTIMATE-WFI
PFS R~3000
ULTIMATE-MOIRCS
Slide courtesy of Y. Matsuoka
2019/01/17
EAO-Subaru Meeting

29. Tel. modification plan Prototyping ULTIMATE-START
DEVELOPMENT PLAN
DEVELOPMENT TIMELINE
Phase 1
FY GLAO
Phase 2
Phase3
MOIRCS
WFI
M-IFS
2019
Tel. modification plan Prototyping ULTIMATE-START
Preliminary design
Grism upgrade
Conceptual design
2020
NsIR design
Preliminary design
2021
2022
Final design
Final design
Fabrication
Prototyping
2023
Fabrication NsIR modification
Fabrication
2024
Relocation to NsIR
Preliminary design
2025
NsIR commissioning, Operation
AIT
Final design
2026
Cs modification
Commissioning
Fabrication
2027
Cs commissioning
Operation
2028
AIT
2029
Commissioning
2030
Operation
2019/01/17
EAO-Subaru Meeting

30. Instrumentation Plan (2018 proposed)
2019
2020
2021
2022
2023
2024
2025
2026
2027 PF
HSC
PFS Cs
FOCAS
COMICS
MOIRCS
ULTIMA TE Ns
HDS
IRCS
SCExAO
IRD
CHARIS
AO188
GLAO
End
End
renewal
TBD
End
End
End
End
transition

31. Strategy of Subaru Telescope
2018
2020
2024
2033
2050
2028
2040
Subaru operation
Subaru/TMT operation
TMT construction
HSC
Ultra wide field survey
upgrade
Time-domain
IRD・CHARIS
Exoplanet search
Long term monitoring
Wide field spectroscopic survey
IFU survey
PFS
Subaru
wide field survey
ULTIMATE-Subaru
Wide field infrared survey / Time-domain
WFIRST collab.
collaboration
Synergy of
Subaru and
TMT
Origin of dark matter
Life signs of exoplanets
TMT
detailed study
Origin of dark energy
Reionization

32. International Partnership
EAO-Subaru Meeting
2019/01/17

33. International Partnership
It is getting more difficult for Subaru to financially sustain its operation even though the scientific value of the telescope is still very high.
This is basically because the construction of TMT has started.
It is required for Subaru to make its operation cost lower
Japanese government has been asking Subaru to look for international partners who can operate the telescope together
EAO-Subaru Meeting
2019/01/17

34. Two categories of the partner
Full partner (FP);
Access to Regional Guaranteed Time, Shared Time and Large Program (SSP)
Full participation in decision-making process
More than 2 M USD contribution (including in-kind cont.)
Semi-partner (SP);
Access to Regional Guaranteed Time and Shared Time
Limited participation in decision-making process
More than 500 K USD (up to 2 M USD) contribution in cash only
EAO-Subaru Meeting
2019/01/17

35. How to calculate the number of nights for Partner Time
Partner time is allocated to each partner based on the fraction of total contributions from each partner to the total operation cost:
Total operation cost (incl. NAOJ HR) of Subaru: 20 M USD (~2.2 B JPY)
Total available nights for science operations: S
Partner contribution (M USD): P
Number of PT = S * P / 20
Note: Total available nights for science operations (typically ~240 nights) are calculated as:
365 - (down time + UH time + international time + DDT + eng.)
If S is 240 nights and P is 2 M USD, No. of PT is 24 nights / yr.
EAO-Subaru Meeting
2019/01/17

36. Time categories
Partner Time will be divided into the three categories.
Regional Guaranteed Time
Shared Time
Large Program (SSP)

37. Summary
Subaru is one of the highest competitive telescopes in the world. The oversubscription rate of the proposals is about 5.
Number of annual science publications is ~120 – 150 (133 for Jan. – Nov ).
The open use of IRD was started in S18B. IRD-SSP will start from S19A.
Preparation of PFS installation is ongoing. Science operation of PFS will start in 2021.
Subaru suffered earthquakes, hurricanes, and big power outage this year. Due to these disasters and subsequent troubles, we lost about 40 nights of the telescope time. We could not install HSC from May to September due to earthquakes. The dome main shutter was damaged.
Subaru is exploring international partners.
EAO-Subaru Meeting
2019/01/17

38. Nov 17 - 22, 2019 Waikoloa Beach Marriott Resort & Spa, Hawaii, U.S.A.
Subaru Telescope 20th Anniversary
The 5th NAOJ Symposium / The 7th Subaru International Conference
Nov , 2019
Waikoloa Beach Marriott Resort & Spa, Hawaii, U.S.A.
EAO-Subaru Meeting
2019/01/17

39. Topics [General Session] Subaru User’s Meeting FY2019
SSP projects and Future Instruments
Special Keynotes
[Parallel Sessions]
Galaxy Formation, AGN, Time Domain,
Exoplanet & Star Formation
Solar System, Local Group & Nearby Galaxies
Painolo ocean terrace at Marriott, Waikoloa

40. EAO-Subaru Meeting
2019/01/17