1. Rich QR Codes With Three-Layer Information Using Hamming Code
Source: IEEE Access (2019):
Authors: Liu, Sijia, Zhengxin Fu, and Bin Yu
Speaker: Huang Peng-Cheng
Date: 11/24/2019

2. Outline Introduction Related Works Proposed scheme
Experimental results
Conclusions
Comments

3. Introduction(1/1)

4. Related Works(1/1)—Hamming code(1/2)
p1 p2 d1 p3 d2 d3 d4
d1 d2 d3 d4
Encoding
Data:
d2  d3  d4 = p3
1  0  1 = 0
d1  d2  d4 = p1
1  1  1 = 1
d1  d3  d4 = p2
1  0  1 = 0
p1 p2 d1 p3 d2 d3 d4
Encoded data

5. Related Works(1/1)—Hamming code(2/2)
Error bit
Error Detection
Received data:
Correcting
Corrected data:
Error Position
Parity check matrix H

6. Proposed scheme (1/3)

7. Proposed scheme (2/3) …. v: The second layer message
s: The third layer message
QR1
QR2
QR3 ….
Cover QR code QR2p
Location map index

8. Proposed scheme (3/3) Suppose p=3 = [0010100]
Example: [7,4] Hamming code, the parity check matrix H is :
Embedding process: Cover vector
Stego vector x’ = Change one bit in x according to coset leader associated to syndrome
= Change one bit in x according to coset leader associated to
= Change one bit in according to coset leader associated to
= [ ]
Extraction process:

9. Experimental results (1/6) --An example(1/1)

10. Experimental results (2/6) --Robustness (1/1)

11. Experimental results (3/6) --Payload(1/1)

12. Experimental results (4/6) --Comparison(1/3)
[9] P.-Y. Lin, ‘‘Distributed secret sharing approach with cheater prevention based on QR code,’’ IEEE Trans. Ind. Informat., vol. 12, no. 1, pp. 384–392, Feb
[13] Y. W. Chow, W. Susilo, G. Yang, J. G. Phillips, and I. A. M. P. Barmawi, ‘‘Exploiting the error correction mechanism in QR codes for secret sharing,’’ in Proc. ACISP, 2016, pp. 409–425
[14] Y. Liu, Z. Fu, and Y. Wang, ‘‘Two-level information management scheme based on visual cryptography and qr code,’’ Appl. Res. Comput., vol. 33, pp. 3460–3463, Nov
[15] S. Wan, Y. Lu, X. Yan, Y. Wang, and C. Chang, ‘‘Visual secret sharing scheme for (k, n) threshold based on QR code with multiple decryptions,’’ J. Real-Time Image Process., vol. 14, no. 1, pp. 25–40, Jan. 2018
[16] P.-C. Huang, Y.-H. Li, C.-C. Chang, and Y. Liu, ‘‘Efficient scheme for secret hiding in QR code by improving exploiting modification direction,’’ KSII Trans. Internet Inf. Syst., vol. 12, no. 5, pp. 2348–2365, 2018.

13. Experimental results (5/6) --Comparison(2/3)

14. Experimental results (6/6) --Comparison(3/3)

15. Conclusions Three-layer information storage Large secret payload
Low computational complexity
Robust against common image post-processing attacks

16. Comments (n, n)-threshold SS => (2p, 2p)-threshold SS
Requires side information to extract secret message, such as the length of secret message, location map, parity check matrix H.
Poor Robustness.