1. MUH 3633 - Music in the United States
11/22/2019
Chapter One
“Nature Must Inspire the Thought” : Sacred Music in the European Colonies
DAY 4 (6 Sep 19)

2. British Colonies in North America

3. MUH 3633 - Music in the United States
English Settlers
11/22/2019
NOT explorers, adventurers, or conquerors
Religious freedom (from persecution in Europe)
Massachusetts – “Pilgrims” (1620)
“spinoffs” – RI, CT, NJ
Maryland – sanctuary for Catholics (1642) - “Toleration Act” (1649)
Pennsylvania – Wm. Penn, Quakers (1681) - The Charter of Privileges allows for: “Freedom of Religious Conviction”
DAY 4 (6 Sep 19)

4. Protestants, Calvinists & Pilgrims
Martin Luther ( ) – Protestant Reform - 95 Theses (Wittenberg, 1517) - Salvation through belief - Priesthood of all believers - Bible in the vernacular
Jean Calvin ( ) – Anti-Catholic - simple music, no instruments, etc.
English Dissenters (numerous groups in 16th C) - generally anti-Catholic, anti-Church of England - Puritans: England to Netherlands to England - to “New England” (Mass Bay Colony) as “Pilgrims”

5. 17th C Merchant Ship
NB. Mayflower measured c. 110’ (length) by 25’ (width); carried 102 passengers, crew of 30, cargo (for survival in wilderness, including small animals) for 66 days passage (6 Sept – 9 Nov 1620) [Mayflower history]

6. Sacred Music in New England
Calvinist beliefs predominate
cf. St. Augustine’s dilemma over music
Emphasis on simplicity, practical & functional music, performable by amateurs
Sing only Psalms (why?) = Psalmody
Earliest (c. 1620s-30s) – sung by memory
Unison (monophonic) singing
Limited number of tunes (transferable)

7. MUH 3633 - Music in the United States
“Old Hundred”
11/22/2019
Old Hundreth (1st verse) [see LG 1.2, p. 26]
DAY 4 (6 Sep 19)

8. MUH 3633 - Music in the United States
11/22/2019
Bay Psalm Book
1st book printed in N.A.
1640 w/ multiple editions into next century
Replaces Ainsworth (1612) and Sternhold & Hopkins (1562) Psalters (brought from England)
NO music
Words in regular verse
Only 11 copies survive
DAY 4 (6 Sep 19)

9. MUH 3633 - Music in the United States
Psalm 23 (Bay Psalm Book)
11/22/2019
DAY 4 (6 Sep 19)

10. Psalm 23: v. 1-6 (KJV) The Lord is my shepherd; I shall not want.
He maketh me to lie down in green pastures: he leadeth me beside the still waters.
He restoreth my soul: he leadeth me in the paths of righteousness for his name's sake.
Yea, though I walk through the valley of the shadow of death, I will fear no evil: for thou art with me; thy rod and thy staff they comfort me.
Thou preparest a table before me in the presence of mine enemies: thou anointest my head with oil; my cup runneth over.
Surely goodness and mercy shall follow me all the days of my life: and I will dwell in the house of the Lord for ever.

11. MUH 3633 - Music in the United States
Psalm 23 (Meter?)
11/22/2019
DAY 4 (6 Sep 19)

12. Standard Metrical Patterns
C.M. (Common Meter)
L.M. (Long Meter)
S.M. (Short Meter)
P.M. (Peculiar Meter)
H.M. (Hallelujah Meter)
And many others…..
Check top of hymnals
See textbook (p. 25-7)
(what it says)

16. “Regular Singing” vs. “Old Way”
Argument develops c. early 18th century
Aural/Oral vs. Music Reading
“Lining Out” – led by deacon/precentor - Lined-out Hymnody: Kentucky Old Regular Baptists Sing "Guide me, O Thou Great Jehovah Amazing Grace_by Old Regular Baptist - American Music: A Discussion on "Lining Out“
EX. "Guide Me O Thou Great Jehovah" - also see LG 1.3 (text book, p. 30)
Need for instruction (Cotton Mather, 1721)
“Singing Schools”

17. Tufts and Walter
John Tufts, An Introduction to the Singing of Psalm Tunes (Boston, 1715)
Thomas Walter, The Grounds and Rules of Musick, Explained (Boston, 1721)

18. William Billlings (1746-1800) Singing School Master, Composer, etc.
The New-England Psalm-Singer, or American Chorister (Boston, 1770) [Textbook, p. 32] - 1st collection of entirely American works - theory, instructions, and music
“Nature is the best Dictator, for all the hard dry studied Rules that ever was prescribed will not enable any Person to form an Air…without a Genius…Nature must inspire the Thought.”

19. MUH 3633 - Music in the United States
Billings Examples
11/22/2019
When Jesus Wept (1768) - William Billings (from The New England Psalm-Singer)
William Billings - The Continental Harmony - Creation [1794] Anthem w/ fuging section
I am the rose of Sharon (1778), by William Billings ( ) – YouTube Anthem
DAY 4 (6 Sep 19)

20. MUH 3633 - Music in the United States
11/22/2019
Wake Ev'ry Breath
[NEPS T.P.] Round (see text book, p. 32)
DAY 4 (6 Sep 19)