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IEEE/CSC & ESAS SUPERCONDUCTIVITY NEWS FORUM (global edition), October 2014 (Preview 1). ASC 2014 presentation and paper 4MPo2C-03; 1st Prize in Best Student.

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Presentation on theme: "IEEE/CSC & ESAS SUPERCONDUCTIVITY NEWS FORUM (global edition), October 2014 (Preview 1). ASC 2014 presentation and paper 4MPo2C-03; 1st Prize in Best Student."— Presentation transcript:

1 IEEE/CSC & ESAS SUPERCONDUCTIVITY NEWS FORUM (global edition), October 2014 (Preview 1).
ASC 2014 presentation and paper 4MPo2C-03; 1st Prize in Best Student Paper Contest, Materials. Can Higher Critical Current of Powder In Tube (PIT) Nb3Sn be further developed without loss of RRR Chris Segal August 11, 2014 Applied Superconductivity Conference, Charlotte NC Student Paper Competition

2 The Fractional Real Estate of PIT
IEEE/CSC & ESAS SUPERCONDUCTIVITY NEWS FORUM (global edition), October 2014 (Preview 1). ASC 2014 presentation and paper 4MPo2C-03; 1st Prize in Best Student Paper Contest, Materials. Residual Nb - 23% The Fractional Real Estate of PIT Small Grain A % Large Grain A % Remnant Core A15 - 2% Residual Core - 20% Here we see what the reacted PIT product is made of, there are a handful of reasons why the coarse grain A15 is not thought to carry current, here is some very compelling evidence. The diffusion barrier is fragile and the reaction must be carefully managed Only small grain A15 carries current

3 IEEE/CSC & ESAS SUPERCONDUCTIVITY NEWS FORUM (global edition), October 2014 (Preview 1).
ASC 2014 presentation and paper 4MPo2C-03; 1st Prize in Best Student Paper Contest, Materials. Are the large grains really contributing to current carrying capability? LG A15 appears very disconnected Can see the faceted grains, very disconnected with Cu in GBs. So now we only consider SG A15 to be good. And here we can see Cu-rich phases penetrating between LG’s 630C200h B29992 Longitudinal Cross Section

4 How do we make more current carrying superconducting A15 phase?
IEEE/CSC & ESAS SUPERCONDUCTIVITY NEWS FORUM (global edition), October 2014 (Preview 1). ASC 2014 presentation and paper 4MPo2C-03; 1st Prize in Best Student Paper Contest, Materials. How do we make more current carrying superconducting A15 phase? We must do this while maintaining… High Residual Resistance Ratio (RRR) Keep diffusion barriers intact High grain boundary (GB) density Produce small grains What do we want? More green, here are some ways we might be able to do it.

5 Shape Analysis shows non-uniform deformation
IEEE/CSC & ESAS SUPERCONDUCTIVITY NEWS FORUM (global edition), October 2014 (Preview 1). ASC 2014 presentation and paper 4MPo2C-03; 1st Prize in Best Student Paper Contest, Materials. Shape Analysis shows non-uniform deformation 7 6 1.30 5 4 3 2 1 1.04 Here we see an overview of an entire wire package with 192 filaments. Slight ovalization is seen going from ring 1 to ring 7. preferential barrier thinning leads to break through and drop in RRR, here is the linear pattern, colorization shows external two rings are bad. Can we prove this is killing RRR? Leaks!

6 How RRR varies within filament pack -Serial etching experiment
IEEE/CSC & ESAS SUPERCONDUCTIVITY NEWS FORUM (global edition), October 2014 (Preview 1). ASC 2014 presentation and paper 4MPo2C-03; 1st Prize in Best Student Paper Contest, Materials. How RRR varies within filament pack -Serial etching experiment RRR Yes, here’s the etch expt.

7 RRR varies depending on local Cu quality
IEEE/CSC & ESAS SUPERCONDUCTIVITY NEWS FORUM (global edition), October 2014 (Preview 1). ASC 2014 presentation and paper 4MPo2C-03; 1st Prize in Best Student Paper Contest, Materials. RRR varies depending on local Cu quality Leak Zone With inlay it’s clear we cant react more without dipping whole line lower. How else can we increase Jc? There is clearly a zone more susceptible to leaks which is found in rings 6 & 7 - Longer reaction time will not help! Where else can we make gains in Jc?

8 Two distinct filament types
IEEE/CSC & ESAS SUPERCONDUCTIVITY NEWS FORUM (global edition), October 2014 (Preview 1). ASC 2014 presentation and paper 4MPo2C-03; 1st Prize in Best Student Paper Contest, Materials. Two distinct filament types Nb: 23.3% SG: 40.2% LG:14.1% Core: 22.3% Nb 18.4% SG 45.4% LG:10.7% It was noticed in a recent sample that there are two distinct filament types, some atypical filaments show depressed LG A15 and increased SG A15! Core: 25.6%

9 Typical filament* *residual Sn-rich phase in core
IEEE/CSC & ESAS SUPERCONDUCTIVITY NEWS FORUM (global edition), October 2014 (Preview 1). ASC 2014 presentation and paper 4MPo2C-03; 1st Prize in Best Student Paper Contest, Materials. Typical filament* *residual Sn-rich phase in core Cu 650C100h B29992 Nb SG A15 LG A15 Core A15 Core Remnants

10 Filament with evidence of a Cu rich regulating membrane
IEEE/CSC & ESAS SUPERCONDUCTIVITY NEWS FORUM (global edition), October 2014 (Preview 1). ASC 2014 presentation and paper 4MPo2C-03; 1st Prize in Best Student Paper Contest, Materials. Filament with evidence of a Cu rich regulating membrane Cu Nb SG A15 LG A15 Core Remnants Cu rich membrane 630C240h B31284

11 atypical with membrane
Now, a side by side comparison of the two types of filaments IEEE/CSC & ESAS SUPERCONDUCTIVITY NEWS FORUM (global edition), October 2014 (Preview 1). ASC 2014 presentation and paper 4MPo2C-03; 1st Prize in Best Student Paper Contest, Materials. atypical with membrane 100x 2000x 10,000x “Typical”

12 IEEE/CSC & ESAS SUPERCONDUCTIVITY NEWS FORUM (global edition), October 2014 (Preview 1).
ASC 2014 presentation and paper 4MPo2C-03; 1st Prize in Best Student Paper Contest, Materials. An intermediate Cu-Nb-Sn phase (Nausite) forms in internal tin strands[1] 440°C Nausite η ε But this membrane is very reminiscent of Pong! How does the membrane look in PIT? These are two different phases performing the same job. Phase illustration by C. Sanabria [1] I. Pong, L.-R. Oberli, and L. Bottura, “Cu diffusion in Nb3Sn internal tin superconductors during heat treatment,” Supercond. Sci. Technol., vol. 26, no. 10, p , Oct Path to form LG A15

13 EDS results show Cu rich membrane
IEEE/CSC & ESAS SUPERCONDUCTIVITY NEWS FORUM (global edition), October 2014 (Preview 1). ASC 2014 presentation and paper 4MPo2C-03; 1st Prize in Best Student Paper Contest, Materials. EDS results show Cu rich membrane element AT% Nb 71 Sn 23 Cu 4 Ta 2 element AT% Nb 9 Sn Cu 80 Ta 2 element % Nb 95 Sn .5 Cu 4.5 Ta EDS shows Cu rich membrane, but how does this help us in PIT? Large circle around membrane is an approximation of the actual volume sampled based on beam energy, it’s about 2μm in diameter. SG A15 LG A15 Membrane (likely ε phase) Residual Core 630C240h B31284

14 Comparison of typical and atypical filaments
IEEE/CSC & ESAS SUPERCONDUCTIVITY NEWS FORUM (global edition), October 2014 (Preview 1). ASC 2014 presentation and paper 4MPo2C-03; 1st Prize in Best Student Paper Contest, Materials. Comparison of typical and atypical filaments element AT% Nb 22.6 SG A15 41.4 LG A15 13.6 Core 22.4 element AT% Nb 18.2 SG A15 46.3 LG A15 10.2 Core 25.3 SG A15 Core element % change Nb -20 SG A15 +12 LG A15 -25 Core +13 Nb We see a change in all constituent phases! LG A15 12% increase in the good stuff!

15 Comparison of end phase fractions of PIT and RRP
IEEE/CSC & ESAS SUPERCONDUCTIVITY NEWS FORUM (global edition), October 2014 (Preview 1). ASC 2014 presentation and paper 4MPo2C-03; 1st Prize in Best Student Paper Contest, Materials. Comparison of end phase fractions of PIT and RRP Condition and Component % 54/61 RRP® (Tarantini SuST 2014) PIT 192 (CS evaln 2013) PIT 192 (CS evaln 2014 –atypical filaments HT 620C, 192h 650°C, 100 h 630°C, 240 h RRR 377 177 A15 total % 58.8 56 56.7 A15 SG % 40 46 A15 LG % 16 10.7 Residual DB % 8.1 24.5 17.6 Residual core % 33.1 19.5 25.7 * = 169 and 217 RRP® stacks need ~10% residual DB Increase in SG A15 without loss of RRR!

16 Findings for discussion
IEEE/CSC & ESAS SUPERCONDUCTIVITY NEWS FORUM (global edition), October 2014 (Preview 1). ASC 2014 presentation and paper 4MPo2C-03; 1st Prize in Best Student Paper Contest, Materials. Findings for discussion A Cu rich membrane to mediate the reaction appears VERY useful Why does this membrane form and why does it positively affect A15 growth? The issue – better control the reaction path: Can we avoid large grain A15? Consume all present Sn in package to produce current carrying SG A15 The payoff? Typical filaments have a 3:1 SG:LG ratio Untypical filaments have a 4:1 SG:LG ratio! Even more valuable, the total amount of SG A15 is enhanced from an average of 41% to 46%, a 12% increase – surely beneficial for Jc

17 Acknowledgements Applied Superconductivty Center (ASC), NHMFL, FSU
IEEE/CSC & ESAS SUPERCONDUCTIVITY NEWS FORUM (global edition), October 2014 (Preview 1). ASC 2014 presentation and paper 4MPo2C-03; 1st Prize in Best Student Paper Contest, Materials. Acknowledgements Applied Superconductivty Center (ASC), NHMFL, FSU David Larbalestier Peter Lee Chiara Tarantini European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN) Amalia Ballarino Luca Bottura Christian Scheuerlein Luc-Rene Oberli Bernardo Bordini David Richter Bruker EAS GmbH Bernd Sailer Vital Abaecherli Manfred Thoener Klaus Schlenga

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