1. Migration – In and Out
USH-4.5

2. I. Urbanization Growth of cities Reasons: Centers of trade
Transportation hubs
Centers of industry
Farm technology raises supply of food
Rural people looking for work
Immigrants moving in

3. I. Urbanization Cities offer: Elevators Steel buildings
Suspension bridges
Trolleys
Elevated railroads
Subways
Culture and excitement

4. II. Immigration Pre-Civil War it was Germans and Irish
Disliked by “real” Americans
Post-Civil War it was Eastern and Southern Europe
Italians, Poles, Jews, Russians, Serbs

5. II. Immigration Most move to cities for work
Most live in ethnic neighborhoods
Feels like home
Cities get big and mean and leads to Progressive Movement

6. III. Political Machines
Political machines help immigrants
Political organization in which a boss commands the support of a corps of supporters
Receive rewards for their efforts
Power is based on the ability of the workers to get out the vote
Politicians owe the machine favors for those votes
Include immigrants in the democratic process

7. IV. The Great Migration
Freedmen stayed in the South after the Civil War
In the 1890s, AA move North & West b/c:
Poor cotton yields
Boll weevil
Jim Crow Laws
Farm prices falling
New mills only hire whites

8. IV. The Great Migration AA found discrimination there too
Used as strikebreakers
Live in the worst parts of town
Segregated neighborhoods
WWI actually helped AA b/c it opened more jobs