1. Introducing vertical transformations in ArcGIS
Melita Kennedy
Esri Corporate Template-Dark v3.3
16:9 version – January 21, 2016
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2. Objectives Vertical coordinate systems
ArcGIS Coordinate Systems Data setup
Horizontal-vertical transformations list

3. Vertical Coordinate System
Datum or Vertical Datum
Linear Unit
Vertical Shift
Direction

4. Vertical CS details Datum Vertical Datum
ellipsoidal height/depth datum
Vertical Datum
gravity-related datum
The reddish dashed line represents the ellipsoid surface while the green line is the geoid surface. A geoid closely represents mean seal level, if there was no topography. It’s affected by the ground composition, so it’s a lumpy, bumpy surface. It’s also a gravity-related surface.
h = height relative to the ellipsoid surface
H = elevation relative to the geoid surface
N = geoid undulation or geoid height which models the difference between the ellipsoid and geoid surfaces.
A geoid model is often a grid/raster of the undulation values.
So, in a VCS, you can have either one that has heights/depths relative to an ellipsoid surface: a datum. Or related to the geoid or tidal level, some sort of gravity-related surface in which case the VCS will have a vertical datum.

5. Vertical CS details Direction Vertical Shift
axis direction is positive ”up” or “down”
Vertical Shift
extra parameter that could allow a built- in offset from the VCS definition

6. VCS well-known text WKID: EPSG:5703
VERTCS["NAVD_1988", VDATUM["North_American_Vertical_Datum_1988"], PARAMETER["Vertical_Shift",0.0], PARAMETER["Direction",1.0], UNIT["Meter",1.0]]

7. Vertical coordinate systems
285 as of
CGVD 1928
NGVD29
Malin Head
NAVD88 (m and USft)
Dansk Normal Nul
NN2000
HKPD / HKCD
Trieste
RH2000
NZVD2009
Constanta
EVRF 2007
Moorea SAU 1981
Newlyn
GHA
NAP
Ellipsoidal height-based
AHD

8. Tidal Datums MSL MLLW LAT MLW Instantaneous water level LLWLT MHW LW
MHHW HW
MHWS
ISLW
HHWLT
MLLWS
HAT
MLWS

9. Vertical Transformation
Vertical Coordinate System - Source
Geographic Coordinate System
VT Method
Vertical Coordinate System - Target
Parameters

10. Well-known text WKID: Esri:110009
VERTTRAN["NGVD29_To_NAVD88_NAD27_ECW", GEOGCS["GCS_North_American_1927",DATUM["D_North_American_1927",SPHEROID["Clarke_1 866", , ]],PRIMEM["Greenwich",0.0],UNIT["Degree", ]], VERTCS["NGVD_1929",VDATUM["National_Geodetic_Vertical_Datum_1929"],PARAMETER["Vertic al_Shift",0.0],PARAMETER["Direction",1.0],UNIT["Foot_US", ]], VERTCS["NAVD_1988",VDATUM["North_American_Vertical_Datum_1988"],PARAMETER["Vertical_ Shift",0.0],PARAMETER["Direction",1.0],UNIT["Meter",1.0]], VTMETHOD["VERTCON"], PARAMETER["Dataset_vertconecw.94",0.0]]

11. Vertical transformation methods
Geoid models
EGM2008
EGM84 and EGM96
GEOID12B
VERTCON
Vertical offset
Vertical offset and slope

12. ArcGIS Coordinate Systems Data
1.5 GB
GEOCON v1.0
NAD 1983 HARN, NSRS2007, 2011
VERTCON
GEOID12B
EGM2008
1′ x 1′ and 2.5′ x 2.5′

13. Demonstration
Working with Vertical Transformations

14. Future Work Create custom vertical tfm tool
Function to find horizontal/vertical tfms given 2 GCS/VCS
Incorporate Vdatum
Have functions to read data files already
Add vertical transformations
Ship > 5 GB data?
Other geoid models
Older US
Canada/New Zealand/Australia/Japan
Raster team is adding VCS support
Will follow with transformation support

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16. Thank you!