2. Otherwise: you’ll take the midterm without knowing some things
We are behind, we have less than one month to get through a lot of stuff
Otherwise: you’ll take the midterm without knowing some things

3. What I ask of you:
Participation
Perseverance
Motivation
Focus
Finishing HW on time
Ask questions

4. Today: Ionic Bonding/dot structures Th: Review
Schedule for this week
Today: Ionic Bonding/dot structures
Th: Review
Tue: Dot structures/naming
Fri: Test
Wed: Polar vs Non-polar/Characteristics

5. Let’s take a min to review the year
To get the big picture

6. The Nucleus - Summary Everything is made of atoms Atoms have a nucleus
Nucleus = protons + neutrons
Neutrons = stabilize nucleus
There are different ways of stabilizing nucleus = isotopes for EVERY element
Isotope = same element, different # of neutrons
Different problems in the nucleus = radioactivity

7. Outside The Nucleus - Summary
Electrons are moving around the nucleus. Who discovered and how?
Electrons live in distinct orbitals (clouds).
Electrons can absorb and emit energy.
Atoms can gain or lose electrons.
Cations? Anions?
Which leads us to….

8. Molecular Bonding
Forces that hold atoms together

9. Main idea:
It’s all about
Stability

10. Electrons are exact same way
Remember, atoms can gain or lose electrons to become stable (cation or anion)

11. Atoms have stable number of e-
When
Last shell is filled

12. Is Fluorine more likely to lose or gain electrons?

13. Is Sodium more likely to lose or gain?

14. What element is this?

15. Is oxygen more likely to lose or gain?

16. So, if it gains or accepts electrons to become stable
It’s called an ANION

17. So, if it loses or gives away electrons to become stable
It’s called a CATION

19. Between Non-metal and metal
Ionic Bonding
Between Non-metal and metal
Because one is receiving e- and the other is giving e-
When cation and anion bond together

22. Lithium
Fluorine

23. Li-F
Lithium fluoride

24. e- Dot structure
Li-F

25. Dot Structures

26. Calcium and Chlorine
Valence e-?

27. Magnesium and bromine
Valence e-?

28. Naming Ionic Bonds Write full name of cation first
2. Write name of anion with -ide at the end

29. Polyatomic Ions
KOH
NH4NO3
Rb3PO3

30. CuSO3

31. Variable Charged Metals

33. CuSO3

35. Writing formulas from names
2. Determine charges using cross trick and knowing polyatomic ions
Determine anion and cation
3. Write formula

36. potassium oxide

37. lead(II) nitrate

39. General Properties of SOLID Ionic Compounds
Poor conductors of heat and electricity
Brittle and hard
Most are soluble in water
High melting point

40. What it means to be brittle

41. What makes something a good conductor
When ions or electrons are freely able to move

42. Definition of Solubility
For now: ability of compound to dissolve in water
Ions separate

43. So, when ionic compounds are dissolved Then they’re good conductors
Ions can move freely

47. Between 2 or more non-metals
Covalent Bonds
Between 2 or more non-metals
They SHARE electrons

48. General Properties of Covalent Compounds
Do not conduct electricity as solid, liquid or when dissolved
Molecules don’t separate into ions
low melting point
Intermolecular forces aren’t as strong as ionic bonds

51. On the test Writing formulas from names Writing names from formulas
Describe Polar Covalent/Non-Polar Covalent/Ionic
Anions vs. Cations - orbital notation
Properties of ionic compounds - brittleness and conductivity
Dot structures for ionic bonds

52. Formulas from names - page 3/5/7
Review
Formulas from names - page 3/5/7

53. Names from formulas - page 5/6
Review
Names from formulas - page 5/6

54. Polar vs non-polar vs ionic
Summary Slides
Polar vs non-polar vs ionic

58. Review
Cations vs anions

59. Is Fluorine more likely to lose or gain electrons?

60. Is Sodium more likely to lose or gain?

61. What element is this?

62. General Properties of SOLID Ionic Compounds
Poor conductors of heat and electricity
Brittle and hard
Most are soluble in water
High melting point

63. What it means to be brittle

66. Dot Structures

69. Dot Diagram
H2O

70. Polar Covalent Based on electronegativity
Pretty much if they’re different elements
Polar covalent bond

73. Polar Covalent
water

74. Non-Polar Covalent
Cl-Cl