1. YEAR 10 ENGLISH
TO KILL A MOCKINGBIRD

2. LESSON OBJECTIVES Today we will:
As a group, read Chapter 28 of the novel.
Examine three quotation integration methods.
Read an example compare and contrast passage.
Apply knowledge to write a paragraph that compares and contrasts Jem and Scout, and experiment with three quotation methods.

3. BOUNCE READING
Chapter 28 (p. 286) from ‘We went through the auditorium to the hallway, then down the steps….’ onwards.

4. QUOTATIONS
You should never have a quotation standing alone as a complete sentence, or, worse yet, as an incomplete sentence, in your writing.
Think of a quotation as a helium balloon. We all know what happens when you let go of a helium balloon: it flies away.
In a way, the same thing happens when you present a quotation that is standing all by itself in your writing, a quotation that is not "held down" by one of your own sentences. The quotation will seem disconnected from your own thoughts and from the flow of your sentences.

5. THERE ARE THREE WAYS TO INTEGRATE QUOTATIONS

6. Introduce the quotation with a complete sentence and a colon.1
In To Kill a Mockingbird, Scout learns to have a new respect for her father, even though he does not seem to fit the traditional idea of “brave”: “It was times like these when I thought my father, who hated guns and had never been to any wars, was the bravest man who ever lived” (p.127).

7. Use an introductory or explanatory phrase, but not a complete sentence, separated from the quotation with a comma. Use the same punctuation as you would in dialogue. This is common in expository essays. 2
According to Atticus, "before I can live with other folks I've got to live with myself" (p.128).
You should use a comma to separate your own words from the quotation when your introductory or explanatory phrase ends with a verb such as "says," "said," "thinks," "believes," "pondered," "recalls," "questions," and "asks" (and many more). You should also use a comma when you introduce a quotation with a phrase such as "According to Atticus."

8. Use short quotations – only a few words – as part of your own sentence
Use short quotations – only a few words – as part of your own sentence. This is the most sophisticated way to integrate a quote. 3
The novel gives many examples of those who are “licked before [they] begin” but struggle to make the world a better place in spite of this (p.129).
When you integrate quotations in this way, you do not use any special punctuation. Instead, you should punctuate the sentence just as you would if all of the words were your own.
Note square brackets [] around the word “they” are needed. The original word was “you”, but that would not make sense in this sentence. The word changed, but not the meaning.

9. These three methods for integrating quotations are correct, but you should avoid relying too much on just one. Use the method that works best for your situation, and use a variety of methods. Remember that your discussion of the quote should be at least as long as the quote itself.

11. ACTIVITY Write a paragraph that:
Compares and contrasts the actions of Jem and Scout in Chapter 28. Assume that you are supporting the central thesis that the children are brave and courageous characters.
Uses different integration methods to embed 3 quotations.
Clearly uses compare and contrast language.

12. ABSENT YESTERDAY
Students who were at school photos yesterday, please see me after class.

13. What have you learned or completed?
We have discussed three different methods of embedding quotes.
We have contributed to a group reading of Chapter 28 of the novel.
We have applied quotation integration methods to a practice paragraph.