1. Chapter 2: The constitution and it’s orgins

2. Where do our Rights come From?
John Locke’s view of Natural Rights
Rights protected in Magna Carta can be taken away
Natural Rights are God given
Life, Liberty, and Property
Social Contract
Agreement between Government and the People

3. Build up to Revolution The Seven Year’s War (French and Indian War)
Colonists help the British to defeat France
Blocked from purchasing land out west
Taxes were levied to pay for War
Stamp Act and Townsend Act
Lead to bloodshed
Coercive Acts

4. Declaration of Independence
1st and 2nd Continental Congress
Declaration of Independence
Drafted by Thomas Jefferson
War had already begun
Articles of Confederation
All states eventually approved by end of the War
Republic and Confederation

5. Problems with the Articles and Why
No taxing Authority
Could not regulate Trade or Commerce
Could not Raise an Army
Each State only had one vote
Unanimous consent required
Shay’s Rebellion

6. Problems with the Articles and Why

7. Formation of the Constitution
Constitutional Convention
George Washington presided
Challenge of Representation
Virginia Plan
Bicameral Legislature
New Jersey Plan
Unicameral Legislature

8. Formation of the Constitution

9. Other Challenges Federal Sovereignty vs. State Sovereignty
Order vs. Liberty
Slavery

10. The Great Compromise Bicameral Congress Majority Vote 3/5’s Compromise
Senate
House of Representatives
Majority Vote
3/5’s Compromise

11. Three-fifths compromise

12. Three Branch Government
Bicameral Congress
House – chosen by the people
Senate – chosen by the State
Chief Executive
Chosen by Electoral College
Judiciary

13. Checks and Balances

14. Federal Vs. State Authority
Federal System
Enumerated Powers
Expressively given to the National Government by Constitution
Reserved Powers
Earmarked for the states
Supremacy Clause

15. Ratification Debate Two ideologies emerge Federalist Papers
Federalist and Anti-Federalist
Federalist Papers
10 – Factions
51 – Checks and Balances
68 & 70 – Chief Executive
The Federalist won the day but States were not happy
Some joined knowing they couldn’t survive on their own

16. When States Ratified

17. Amending the Constitution
Must be difficult but not impossible
Article 5 – Two Step Process
Step 1: Proposal
Called by Congress with 2/3’s vote or Petition of States for National Convention
Step 2: Ratification
Majority vote in 3/4 of State Legislatures or 3/4 of State ratify Conventions

18. Amending the Constitution
Many voted for ratification with the expectations that changes were needed
Changes meant to appease anti-Federalist concerns
Much was borrowed from English Bill of Rights, but not all

19. U.S. Bill of Rights Amendment 1: Amendment 2: Amendment 3:
Speech, Religion, Press, Assembly, and Petition
Amendment 2:
Right to Bear Arms
Amendment 3:
Housing and feeding Soldiers during peacetime

20. U.S. Bill of Rights Amendment 4: Amendment 5: Amendment 6 & 7:
Unwarranted Search and Seizures
Amendment 5:
Due Process, Self-Incrimination, Double Jeopardy, Eminent domain
Amendment 6 & 7:
Trial by jury of peers (criminal and civil)

21. U.S. Bill of Rights Amendment 8: Amendment 9: Amendment 10:
Protection from Cruel and Unusual Punishment and excessive fines
Amendment 9:
Not all rights are stated
Amendment 10:
Policing Powers reserved to the State

22. Other Noteworthy amendments
Civil War Amendments: 13, 14, & 15
Due Process Expansion Amendments: 14
Suffrage Amendments: 15, 19, & 26
Other Suffrage related Amendments: 17, 23, & 24
Prohibition Amendments: 18 & 21
Executive Branch Amendments: 12, 20, 22, & 25
The 11th Bill of Right: 27