1. REVIEW ECOLOGY

2. Identify an abiotic factor:
sunlight
water
air
minerals
soil
Heat?/temp

3. Identify a biotic factor:
bird
snake
grass
algae
animals
protists
bacteria
plants
fungi
algae
protists
bacteria

4. Give examples of autotrophs or producers
moss
algae
Some bacteria
…cyanobacteria
plants

5. The producers in aquatic systems, like
the ocean, lakes, ponds, and rivers are:
Phytoplankton
(algae & cyanobacteria)
Cyanobacteria-
(first organisms to produce oxygen)
algae

6. Give examples of heterotrophs or consumers
Some bacteria
Some protists
Fungi
animals

7. Give examples of decomposers
Fungi and bacteria

8. Which organism is in the fourth trophic level?
mackerel

9. Which is a secondary consumer?
lion

10. Which organisms are heterotrophs ?
Zooplankton, small fish, mackerel, mahi mahi, large shark

11. What type of consumer is the butterfly?
Herbivore

12. What type of consumer is the dragonfly?
Carnivore

13. What type of consumer is the bird?
Omnivore

14. Which organism is an autotroph?
phytoplankton

15. Which is a herbivore?
crustacean

16. Which is a producer?
flower

17. Which organism is a secondary consumer?
Small fish

18. Which is a tertiary consumer?
snake

19. 90% Metabolism & Heat Why is so much energy “lost”?
How much energy (in %) is lost at each trophic level?
90%
Why is so much energy “lost”?
Metabolism
&
Heat

20. 10% How much energy (in %) is transferred
to the next each trophic level?
10%

21. 8 kcal The first trophic level contains 8000 kcal of energy.
How much energy is available to the fourth trophic level?
8 kcal
8 kcal
80 kcal
800 kcal
8000 kcal

22. Which organism has the smallest population?
Eagle

23. Which organism is in the trophic level
that contains the most biomass?
Phytoplankton

24. Which organism is in the trophic level
that contains the least biomass?
Shark

25. a decrease in the grasshopper population
What is the short-term effect on the grasshopper population if the pythons are removed from this community?
a decrease in the grasshopper population

26. An increase in the grasshopper population
What is the short-term effect on the grasshopper population if the population of foxes increases in this community?
An increase in the grasshopper population

27. Natural selection acts to _____________________________
These warblers feed on insects
on different parts of the tree.
Each warbler occupies a
different_________.
niche
Because…..
Natural selection acts to _____________________________
minimize/decrease competition.

28. Competition Between Two Species of Barnacles

29. This is an example of ……..
Competition

30. This is an example of ……..
Predator/Prey

32. Predator/Prey An interaction in which one animal
captures and feeds on another animal.
Predator/Prey

33. A population increases when _________ and/or _____________ increase
births
immigration
A population decreases when ________ and/or ____________ increase
deaths
emigration

34. Give some examples of limiting factors
food
water
space
predators
disease

35. Describe rate of growth during the time period indicated below
Very slow ?

36. Describe rate of growth during the time period indicated below
Slow ?

37. Describe rate of growth during the time period indicated below
Rapid ?

38. Describe rate of growth during the time period indicated below
Very rapid ?

39. What does M represent?
Carrying Capacity
Number of Individuals
Time

40. Which graph represents a population that grew and is maintained at the carrying capacity of its ecosystem? a. b. c. d.

41. The graph below shows the changes in the size of a fish population over a period of time. The dashed line on the graph represents the
Carrying capacity

42. Which graph represents an invasive species after a few years of being introduced to a new area?

43. Carrying capacity What does the dotted line represent?

44. The carrying capacity decreased
What happened to the carrying capacity?
Carrying capacity
The carrying capacity decreased

45. Why did the carrying capacity decrease?
Natural disaster
Carrying capacity
New predator
Disease
Invasive species

46. Grasses and shrubs are growing on a deforested area.
This is an example of _____________________
secondary succession

47. Mosses growing on a new volcanic island
is an example of ___________________
primary succession

48. Burning fossil fuels produces…..
Pollutants
&
Carbon dioxide, CO2

49. What is the problem with CO2.
CO2 is a greenhouse gas.
Greenhouse gases trap heat in the atmosphere thereby
keeping Earth warm. But too much CO2 traps too much
heat leading to an increase in the average global
temperature, global warming.

50. Which organism is able to alleviate the effect of global warming by removing CO2 from the atmosphere?
Plants
Photosynthesis: Plants take in CO2 and fixed it into glucose (organic compound)

51. What processes return water to the atmosphere?
Evaporation
and
Transpiration

52. What are some of the greatest threats to Biodiversity?
Deforestation
Invasive species
Pollution
Climate change