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Fig. 1 Chemical structures of the most commonly abused opioids.
Chemical structures of the most commonly abused opioids. Structures of (A) morphine, (B) heroin, (C) oxycodone, and (D) fentanyl and of the opioidergic therapeutics methadone (E) and buprenorphine (F). In addition, shown are antagonists naltrexone (G) and nalmefene (H). The structurally similar morphinan derivatives (A, B, C, F, G, and H) derived from opium, or synthesized from thebaine obtained from opium, contrast sharply with the structures of the synthetic opioids methadone and fentanyl (E and D, respectively). M. J. Kreek et al. Sci Adv 2019;5:eaax9140 Copyright © 2019 The Authors, some rights reserved; exclusive licensee American Association for the Advancement of Science. No claim to original U.S. Government Works. Distributed under a Creative Commons Attribution NonCommercial License 4.0 (CC BY-NC).
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