1. 4 Categorical Propositions
4.6 Venn Diagrams and the Traditional Standpoint

2. Venn Diagrams and the Traditional Standpoint
Up to now, All S are P looked like this: Since we are assuming existence in the traditional standpoint, we will render it thus: S P S P X

3. Venn and the Traditional Standpoint
No S are P now looks like this: Both Boolean and traditional standpoints agree about particular statements, so there is no change to those Venn diagrams. S P X

4. Proving the Square with Venn
Use pages 240 & 241 (221 & 222 in 9th ed) to test these inferences; for class, just consider one pairing: A to O, O to A, then A to O assuming A is false, then O to A assuming O is false.