1. Streptococcus-host interactions.
Streptococcus-host interactions. (A) Pili (arrows) of GBS immunogold labeled with antibody generated to the backbone subunit of PI-2a. Bar, 0.5 μm. (B) Internalization of GAS by cultured epithelial cells showing formation of caveolae (arrow) containing a streptococcal cell being engulfed. Bar, 1 μm. (Image courtesy of Manfred Rohde, GBF-German Research Centre for Biotechnology, Braunschweig, Germany, reproduced with permission.) (C) Aggregation of human platelets (red) (phalloidin stained) by S. sanguinis (green) (fluorescein isothiocyanate stained). Bar, 20 μm. (Image courtesy of Steve Kerrigan, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, reproduced with permission.) (D) Flow cell biofilm (24 h) showing xy perspective and three-dimensional projection by confocal imaging of S. gordonii (green) and Veillonella atypica (red) growing in human saliva. Under salivary flow conditions, V. atypica is unable to form monospecies biofilms, but it is able to form mixed-species biofilms with S. gordonii. (Image courtesy of Rob Palmer, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, NIH, Bethesda, MD, reproduced with permission.)‏
Angela H. Nobbs et al. Microbiol. Mol. Biol. Rev. 2009; doi: /MMBR