1. Backward Mapping Project 2008: Superintendents’ Opinions of an Effective Preparation Program
Dr. Robert Perry, Dr. Mick Arnold,
Dr. Pam Hedgpeth, & Dr. Kristy Alexander

2. Missouri Professors of Education Administration (MPEA) Project
Participants selected for the study were:
acting superintendents in Missouri
leaders of schools earning the designation as a district of Distinction in Performance by Missouri Department of Elementary and Secondary Education for three consecutive years

3. Missouri Professors of Education Administration (MPEA) Project
Additional Requirements:
Superintendent must be employed one year prior to the first year of the district’s designation of distinction
Superintendent must be employed during all three years of designation

4. Missouri Professors of Education Administration (MPEA) Project
Efforts were made to include all qualifying superintendents
Wide representation of school districts (rural, suburban, urban, small, large, and various grade configurations)
Of the twenty-six superintendents selected, eighteen participated (14 male, 4 female)

5. MPEA Study Format
Once consent forms had been secured, face-to-face interviews of each superintendent were conducted
Members of MEPA volunteered to conduct the interviews during the Spring of 2008

6. MPEA Study Format Eighteen Open-Ended Questions
Focused On ISLLC Standards including:
Vision
Culture
Management
Collaboration
Ethics
Political, Social Economic, and Legal Issues

7. MPEA Study Format
Participants were also asked to respond to the following two additional questions…
What are your five most important responsibilities as superintendent?
What are the greatest obstacles you face as a superintendent?

8. Study Conclusions
The research appears to indicate the following conclusions:
There is a disparity in the coursework and topics covered in educational preparation programs taken by veteran superintendents

9. Study Conclusions
2. Superintendents take initiative to be involved in professional development opportunities or network with other superintendents when they perceive a gap in their own knowledge and skills on pertinent topics (such as school safety)

10. Study Conclusions
3. Creating and implementing a shared vision was identified as the most important role of the superintendent, yet getting stakeholder buy-in and the establishment of a strong focus on the vision was identified as the second greatest obstacle faced by superintendents.

11. Study Conclusions
4. Change was considered the third most difficult obstacle for superintendents and being a change agent was perceived as their second most important role, yet interview data indicated superintendents had a limited knowledge in how to change the true culture of a school district.

12. Study Conclusions
5. An interesting observation was that working with the board of education was fifth in the importance of items a superintendent needed to do, but was number one in obstacles.

13. Implications
Several superintendents received training prior to the development of the ISSLC Standards (1996)
Preparation programs at that time did not align curriculum/programming with standards

14. Implications
Veteran superintendents seek information when they feel a gap in their skills and knowledge

15. Implications
Superintendents identified the importance of their role in creating a shared vision and positive culture, but many indicated a lack of knowledge in facilitating these processes

16. Future Actions
Most Missouri university programs have aligned their Education Administration Programs with the ISLLC Standards, yet ongoing criticism indicates the need for professors to stay current on new trends in schools
Collaboration efforts with college professors and practitioners must be an on-going process
Formalizing collaboration procedures and processes with school district in each institution and sharing findings statewide would inform current programs

17. Future Actions
To support the needs of veteran superintendents regarding the development and implementation of a strong vision, creating a positive culture, and facilitating change…it is recommended that regional and statewide pd opportunities be developed and provided for these acting superintendents

18. Future Actions
To expand on the pd recommendation it would further be suggested these learning opportunities be integrated with effective strategic planning and utilization of ePegs.

19. Future Actions
The researchers finally suggest that the study be expanded to add depth and breadth by including:
More interviews with successful superintendents
Additional interviews with superintendents identified as needing improvement by the Missouri Department of Elementary and Secondary Education

20. Final Thoughts
“Vision without action is a dream. Action without vision is just passing the time. Vision with action can change the world.”
Author Unknown