1. Chapter 5 Section 1 Spain’s Empire & European Absolutism
Objective: Examine Spain’s empire & the growth of absolute monarchy in Europe
Vocabulary: Philip II, Absolute Monarch, & Divine Right

2. A Powerful Spanish Empire
Charles V divided his immense empire before retiring to a monastery
Philip II, Charles V’s son, inherited Spain, the Spanish Netherlands, & the Spanish American colonies
Philip II seized control of Portugal when his Uncle died without an heir
Europe was experiencing religious wars because of the Reformation; he married Mary I of England
In 1588, Philip II launched the Spanish Armada against England but his naval fleet was defeated
Who is Charles V? – Hint he issue the Edict of Worms against? & he was related to a king’s wife/future queen
His brother Ferdinand received Austria & the Holy Roman Empire
Philip’s empire provided him with incredible wealth
Mary I changed England back to what religion

3. Golden Age of Spanish Art & Literature
During the 16th & 17th centuries, Spain experienced a golden age in the arts
El Greco’s paintings techniques showed the deep Catholic faith of Spain
Diego Velazquez’s paintings reflected the pride of the Spanish monarchy
Velazquez is known for his portraits of the royal family
The publication of Don Quixote de la Mancha in 1605 is called the birth of the modern European novel
Spain’s monarchs became patrons of the arts
If you are a patron of the art, what are you doing?
Don Quixote went a little crazy after reading too many books about heroic knights

4. The Spanish Empire Weakens
The gold & silver coming from the Americas made Spain temporarily wealthy
One major issues was inflation
Nobles in Spain didn’t pay taxes but the lower class did, as a result Spain never developed a middle class
Spain bought most of their goods from foreigners
Philip declared Spain bankrupt 3 times
1566, the Dutch revolted against Spain & by 1579 northern provinces gained their independence
Rise in prices & decrease in the value of money
How would Spain buying their goods from foreigners affect their economy?
Where would their money go?
Philip decided to raise taxes in the Netherlands & crush Protestants

5. The Independent Dutch Prosper
The United Provinces of the Netherlands practiced religious tolerance & had a republic
Rembrandt van Rijn was the greatest Dutch artist of the period
The stability of the government allowed the Dutch people to concentrate on economic growth
The Dutch fleet helped the Dutch East India Company to dominate the Asian spice trade & the Indian Ocean Trade
What is a republic?
How do they vote on things? Who do they send?

6. Absolutism in Europe
Philip II was a forceful ruler & controlled every aspect of his empire
Absolute Monarchs are kings/queens who hold all of the power within their states’ boundaries
The monarchs believed they have divine right (God created the monarchy & monarchs acted as God’s representative)
Monarchs often used the wealth from their colonies to pay for their ambitions
During religious & territorial conflicts, monarchs imposed order
How do you think Absolute Monarchs might react to the amount of power they have?

7. Check for Understanding
If an absolute monarch has total control of their country, what types of things could they do within their country? (This could be good or bad).
An absolute monarch could do ____________ within the country they control.

8. Chapter 5 Section 2 The Reign of Louis XIV
Objective: Analyze the reign of Louis XIV & the power struggles in Europe.
Vocabulary: Edict of Nantes, Cardinal Richelieu, Skepticism, Louis XIV, Intendant, Jean Baptiste Colbert, & War of the Spanish Succession

9. Religious Wars & Power Struggles
Conflicts between Catholics & Huguenots (French Protestants) caused chaos in France
In 1589, Henry of Navarre inherited the throne & decided to become Catholic
In 1598, Henry proclaimed the Edict of Nantes which allowed Huguenots to live in peace in France
After Henry’s death his son, Louis XIII, reigned with the help of Cardinal Richelieu
The Cardinal helped to increase the Bourbon monarchy’s power
Henry II of France died leaving 4 young sons, 3 of them rules one after the other but all of them were incompetent (the real power was their mother Catherine de Medicis)
Some people hated henry for his religious tolerance & stabbed him to death in his royal carriage.

10. Writers Turn Toward Skepticism
French thinkers began to turn toward skepticism (belief that nothing can ever be known for certain)
These thinkers expressed an attitude of doubt towards churches after brutal religious wars
Michel de Montaigne developed a new form of literature, the essay to express a person’s thoughts & opinions
Rene Descartes, a brilliant thinker, explained that with a skeptical argument that one could never be certain of anything
Why do you think brutal wars had people expressing doubts about religion?

11. Louis XIV Comes to Power
Louis XIV started his reign when he was 14, he grew to become the strongest king in French history
Rebellions against Cardinal Mazarin failed & the people of France to began to accept the oppressive laws of an absolute king
Louis XIV gave power to the intendants who collected taxes & administered justice
King Louis XIV, kept power under his complete control
Louis devoted himself to helping France attain economic, political, & cultural brilliance
“I am the state”
After the 30 years’ war, people were still upset with the monarchy, Louis wanted to make sure no one would threaten his power.
Which louis is this?
Why would people accept oppression?
Intendants – government officials
Jean Baptiste Colbert helped France to try to make it self sufficient.
Louis cancelled the Edict of Nantes & thousands of Huguenots left the country taking the wealth with them

12. Check for Understanding
Why might citizens of a country accept a leader who has complete control of them?
Sentence starter: Citizens might accept a leader who has complete control of them because _________________________________.

13. The Sun King’s Grand Style
Louis spent a fortune to surround himself with luxury
Louis lived at Versailles, a palace just outside of Paris
He also have nobles live in the palace with him waiting on him everyday
Versailles Palace was a center of the arts during Louis reign
The purpose of art in France was to glorify the king & promote values that supported Louis’s absolute rule
500 people were on call just to Louis at one time
Why would Louis require the nobility to live with him?
4 nobles would be allowed to hand him his slippers, hold his sleeves

14. Louis Fights Disastrous Wars
Under Louis XIV, France was the most powerful country in Europe
In the 1680s, a European alliance of weaker countries formed to stop France
The Dutch prince of William of Orange became king of England & joined the alliance
Childless king of Spain, Charles II promised the throne to Louis XIV’s grandson Philip of Anjou
The War of Spanish Succession was sparked to prevent France & Spain from joining forces
Louis XIV died in 1715, he made France powerful & increased the arts but the wars put France in debt
People in France wanted peace
Philip was able to take over the throne of Spain but could never join the two houses together