1. Population Geography
Terms and Concepts

2. Agenda – Population Geography Day 2
To Get:
Handouts from back shelf
To Do:
Quiz 2.2
Population Lecture
Population Growth
Demographic Transition Model
Population Projects - Continue
Learning Objectives:
PSO-2.D – Explain how population distribution and density affect society and the environment
IMP-2.B – Explain theories of population growth and decline

3. Arithmetic, Physiologic, and Agricultural Population Density
Physiologic Population Density
Arithmetic Population Density
population as an average per unit area
Dividing population by the A REAL unit (#sq mi/km)
Agricultural Density
Number of people supported by a unit area of arable land
For example – US has 404 people per square mile, or arable land
number of people per unit area of ARABLE land
Which of these is the LEAST helpful measure to understand population density?
Which is more accurate?
Which gives us more details?

4. Geographic Models – Just like with human models, always remember geographic models are just models – NOT REALITY!

5. GEOGRAPHIC MODELS –write this dooooowwwwnnn!
Models are JUST models
ONE way of showing geographic phenomena
BUT…
Be able to discuss the purpose of a model; what is it meant to represent?
Basic assumptions
Description and analysis of the model
(e.g., zones, transitions, activities in certain places)
Usefulness and/or applications of the model

6. Distribution of World Population Growth
Population Measures
Natural Increase Rate (NIR) – the percentage by which a population grows in a year.
Excludes migration!
Currently 1.2%. 12/1000
Crude Birth Rate (CBR)- total # of live births/year/1000
Crude Death Rate (CDR)-total # deaths/year/1000
Doubling time- # years needed to double a population, assuming a constant NIR, currently yrs.

7. Doubling Time – by SCALE!
Remember – EVERY TOPIC in this coarse can be understood better by using SCALE!
World – 61 years
Developed Countries – 543 years
Developing Countries – 40 years
Denmark – 700 years
Russia – NEVER! years
Belize – 19 years

10. Rates of Natural Increase

11. CDR

12. IMR

13. TFR

14. CBR

15. NIR

16. Distribution of World Population Growth
Population Measures contd.
Fertility
Total Fertility Rate (TFR)- average # of children a woman will have from yrs.
2.1 is generally regarded as the replacement rate.
World average - 2.4, Sub-Saharan Africa – 4.9, Europe – 1.6
Mortality
Infant Mortality Rate (IMR)- annual # of deaths of infants under one year of age, compared with total live births.
Life Expectancy- measure of the average # of years a newborn infant can expect to live at current mortality levels. (70 in Western Europe, 40 in parts of Africa)
NOTE: Distinct contrasts exist between Developed and Developing countries

17. Variations in Population Growth
The Demographic Transition
1. Low growth- High CBR and CDR; Low total pop
Most of human history spent in Stage 1- none in Stage 1 today
Agricultural Revolution caused pop burst in Stage 1 in
SINCE 8000 BCE! - African countries made it to stage two after the medical revolution 1950s.
2. High growth-CDR drops; CBR stabilizes
Industrial Revolution allowed countries to enter Stage 2 after 1750
3. Moderate growth- Both CDR and CBR drop; Total Pop growth declining
Social customs changing
4. Low growth- CBR equals CDR; NIR close to 0.
Zero Population Growth (ZPG)

18. Demographic Transition Model Traditional View http://www

19. Demographic Transition Model Updated View https://www

20. Page 58 in text – compare to country views…

21. Demographic Transition Model
Stage five theory
Higher CDR than CBR means - Zero or Negative population growth
According to this theory, most of Europe falls within the fifth stage. (Especially Spain, Italy, Denmark, Norway and Japan)
China COULD fit this model but not since the One Child Policy ended in 2015.

22. Could we call the DTM stages…?
Stage 1 – The no one lives here stage
Stage 2 – The sanitation and medical stage
Stage 3 – The all about girls stage
Stage 4 – The rich kids stage
Stage 5 – The no more kids stage
Remember – the DTM is about the transition process, not just trying to fit a country here or there.
National population statistics may not reveal regional variations within individual countries. What concept is demonstrated by this??
SCALE!

23. Now, let’s apply the model
Questions for the DTM
Stage(s)
Descriptor
Billy loses his job as a grave digger
Parents start to think more about family planning
Children are warmer in bed at night because they have more brothers and sisters
There are more Golden Anniversaries
Large percentage of women never have a child
A mother sobs over the grave of her last six children who died in a typhoid epidemic
A lot more houses are being built
The Public Health Inspector smiles as the building of sewers are completed
Fewer children share a bedroom
Grandparents are very rare
A child is born and will have no brothers/sisters, no aunts/uncles, no cousins

24. Mexico, Gambia or Denmark?

25. Mexico, Gambia or Denmark?

26. Mexico, Gambia or Denmark?

28. Let’s sum up the Demographic Transition

29. Stage 5 of the Demographic Transition??
Negative Pop. Growth:
Sweden, Denmark, Russia, Germany are just a few examples
Italy and Spain – part of each country with TFRs of 0.8% (Bologna, Italy)
Why is this significant?
What about the United States TFR?
Highest TFR state in the US? Why?
Emigration and Immigration are also factors in population growth/decline.
Think this is not a real issue? What does NEGATIVE POP. GROWTH look like?
SINGAPORE –

30. Population Project Con’t
Get a chome book and go to shared folders on google docs
Click on the folder I shared with you labeled with your class:
APHG A2 Projects
Open the folder Population Projects and then the file with instructions – use this one as the handout has been updated.
Eliana Shapere Example