1. PHILIPPINE EDUCATION IN PRE- COLONIAL SPANISH TO AMERICAN PERIOD Reporter: Tristan Mopas y Reynoso PhD- EM

2. THE EDUCATION DURING THE PRE- SPANISH TIME WAS INFORMAL AND UNSTRUCTURED Fathers taught their sons the following:  Farming  Hunting (for foods)  Fishing  Barter change to the neighbor country merchant such as Chinese and Malay people For higher position: Some trained to be a warrior ( father with soldier position) Or Datu or Raja

3. Mothers taught their daughters how to do such as:  Cooking  Water buckets  Farming  Household chores For higher position:  Healer (apprentice by Babaylan or Katalonan) or Babaylan  Babaylan or Katalonan

4. Children in early Filipinos were provided more vocational training but less academics in their houses by their parents an in the houses of their tribal tutors. Their were using unique system of writing known as baybayin or alibata.  ;

5. PRE-SPANISH EDUCATIONAL SYSTEM/ CURRICULUM  Informal education is what they have; ideas and facts were acquired through suggestions, observation, example and imitation.  There’s no direct teaching, no formal method of information They did not have an organized system of education.  Alibata is an ancient writing system that was used in Philippines in that time.

9. PRE-SPANISH ERA OF EDUCATION  The Spaniards come to the Philippine Islands in 1521, they were surprised to discover that the native population had high literacy, that is, they knew how to read and write using a 17-symbol alphabet called the Baybayin script.  Also they found out that the women are equal to men in terms of their status in civilization.  Every island or village was the dominant organizational pattern among indigenous communities in the Philippine archipelago. The name barangay originated from balangay, a Malay word meaning "sailboat“.

10. DURING SPANISH OCCUPANCY (PERIOD) 1521-1898 (1900)  Religion-centered - Theology and faith  Christianity was introduced since 1521 Ferdinand Magellan – bible, doctrines,  Spanish language is mandatory – Spanish language was introduce  Spanish missionaries serve as tutor/teacher –preaching and teaching based on religion  Formal and Organized – classroom with teacher and lessons conducted.  Education is a privilege not a right- for those who can afford/money  Education for the elite and not for masses –social class in the society

11. START OF COLONIZATION OF SPANISH HERE IN THE PHILIPPINES Portuguese explorer Ferdinand Magellan landed on Homonhon Islet (Limasawa Island), near Samar Island in the present-day Philippines, at dawn on March 16, 1521. He claimed the islands for Spain, named them the Islas del Poniente (Western Islands) and held the Philippines. The whole archipelago named Philippines, named after King Phillip II of Spain, first Catholic mass on April 14, 1521 on Cebu, where he planted a cross on the spit where Rajah Humabon a local ruler was converted along with the 800 of his people Christianity was introduced since 1521 Ferdinand Magellan – bible, doctrines,

12. SPANISH MISSIONARIES SERVE AS TUTOR/TEACHER –PREACHING AND TEACHING BASED ON RELIGION (AFTER MAGELLAN EXPEDITION) The first teachers of Spanish colonizer are: Friars missionaries- they were built always included a church and a school. They taught catechism, latin and spanish grammar (languages used in religious ceremonies). Priests- they educated the natives in order to convert them into Catholicism

13. SPANISH ERA EDUCATIONAL DECREE OF 1863 Provided for the establishment of at least one primary school for boys and girls in each town under the responsibility of the municipal government;  Establishment of a normal school for male teachers under the supervision of the Jesuits.  The Spanish schools started accepting Filipino students.  It was during this time when the intellectual Filipinos emerged.

14. SPANISH ERA EDUCATIONAL DECREE OF 1863  The Spanish curriculum consisted of 3R’s – Reading, Writing and Religion.  The schools were parochial or convent schools.  The main reading materials were the cartilla, the caton and the catecismo.  Subjects taught included non-religious courses such as mathematics, history, geography, philosophy and psychology, among others.

16. FORMAL AND ORGANIZED – CLASSROOM WITH TEACHER AND LESSONS CONDUCTED.  Jesuits and Dominicans –founded Colegio de Manila, later renamed as Universidad de San Ignacio in 1621. The oldest, existing university in the Philippines and in Asia, the University of Santo Tomas 1611 (Colegio de Nuestra Señora de Santisimo Rosario)Colegio de Nuestra Señora de Santisimo Rosario Jesuits

17.  Augustinians - founded the first school in Cebu in 1565 Colegio de San Ildefonso (University of San Carlos). CONT..FORMAL AND ORGANIZED – CLASSROOM WITH TEACHER AND LESSONS CONDUCTED.

18.  Franciscans 1677 - evangelized a big part of Luzon and the Visayas. In Manila, they had their main church. They took charge of the the southern towns of Bulacan like Obando, Sta. Maria, and Marilao, to cite a few, near Manila CONT..FORMAL AND ORGANIZED – CLASSROOM WITH TEACHER AND LESSONS CONDUCTED.

19. DISCREPANCIES OF EARLY SPANISH EDUCATION  Education is a privilege not a right- for those who can afford/money  Education for the elite and not for masses –social class in the society

20. QUESTION OF RACE IN EDUCATION DURING SPANISH ERA Indios - person of pure Austronesian (Malay/Malayo Polynesian) ancestry (natives) Insulares - Spaniards born in Philippines who took important positions in the Spanish government in the Philippines. Mestizos - Filipinos of mixed indigenous Filipino (Austronesian people/Malay/Malayo- Polynesian), or European or Chinese ancestry. Insulares and mestizos were give priorities to a better education.

21. THERE WERE THREE GRADES: ”Ascenso” – Advance/ Excellente/Excellent “Termino” – Average/Good “Estrada” – Passed/Fair

22. THE BIRTH OF THE ILLUSTRADOS The Ilustrados played a major role in the Philippine revolution against Spain. This Filipino illustrados got apportutiny to study in spain in their time. Prominent Ilustrados were; Dr. Graciano Lopez Jaena – Author of Fray Botod Mariano Ponce – co-founder of La Solidaridad Marcelo H. del Pilar - Propagandist Dr. Jose P. Rizal – National Hero Antonio Luna – Scientist/Writer/ Director of War Juan Luna – Filipino Famous Painter Artist

23. THE EDUCATION SYSTEM DURING 1 ST REPUBLIC OF THE PHILIPPINES (1899-1901) 1889 Schools under Spanish Government were Closed. The education system is free and Compulsory Elementary Education as established by the Malolos Constitution under Artikulo 23. Reopened in August 29, 1898 by Sec. of the Interior, Teodoro Sandico While Tagalog was established as the national language by the Constitution of Biak-na-Bato, reading, writing and literary studies in Spanish were still given emphasis Source: Jerry Tamon

24. SOME SCHOOLS KNOWN, ESTABLISHED AND OPENED IN THIS PERIOD: First Philippine state university In a decree issued on October 19, 1898 Inaugurated on November 10,1898 It was first situated in Navotas and Tambobong (now Malabon) then moved at the convent of Barasoain Church, Malolos, Bulacan Dr. Joaquin Gonzales was appointed first president of the university. He was succeeded by Dr. Leon Ma. Guerrero, who delivered the commencement address on September 29, 1899 Provided courses in LAW, Medicine, Surgery, Pharmacy and Notarian THE UNIVERSIDAD LITERARIADE FILIPINOS

25. THE BURGOS INSTITUTE IN MALOLOS On October 24, 1898, a decree was issued outlining the curriculum of the Burgos Institute. The country’s first law school An exclusive school for boys The curriculum of the said school included Latin grammar, Universal Geography and History, Spanish literature, Mathematics, French, English, Physics, Chemistry, Philosophy and Natural Laws

26. EDUCATION SYSTEM DURING AMERICAN PERIOD (1901-1942) The successive Philippine Revolution and Philippine-American War took its toll on the public educational system, with most school structures either damaged or badly looted. This prompted the American colonizers to reform the whole system and used education as part of their colonization program called the benevolent assimilation. Source: Lailanie Dela Pena

27. EDUCATION IN THE PHILIPPINES DURING THE AMERICAN PERIOD (1901-1942)EDUCATIONAL GOALS Educational goal during the American period is to promote democratic ideals and way of life; formation of good citizens, including the rights and responsibilities of people.

28. EDUCATION DURING THE AMERICAN REGIME Education Act of 1901 laid the foundation of the Philippine Public school system. In August 1901, 600 teachers are called “Thomasites” arrived. English was made medium of instruction. The reformed educational system introduced by the Americans encouraged more Filipinos in the field of teaching, such that succeeding generations were taught by Filipino teachers and reliance on American teachers decreased. Curricular structure and programs were patterned from the U.S. There were 3 levels of education: Elementary level, Secondary or High school level, and College or Tertiary level. New subject areas were introduced.

29. THROUGHOUT THE AMERICAN COLONIZATION PERIOD, SEVERAL UNIVERSITIES, VOCATIONAL SCHOOLS AND NORMAL SCHOOLS WERE ESTABLISHED AROUND THE COUNTRY. THE SCHOOLS THAT ESTABLISHED BY THE AMERICANS ARE: Philippine Normal College/Philippine Normal University (PNU) 1901 Philippine School of Arts and Trade become Philippine College of Arts and Trade(PCAT) become Technological University of the Philippines (TUP) 1901 University of the Philippines,(UP) currently the country's top-ranking university, was established in 1908. Tarlac High School 1902 Quezon National High School (Tayabas High School) 1902

30. THE FUNDAMENTAL AIMS OF EDUCATION AS PROVIDED BY THE 1935 CONSTITUTION ARE FOLLOWS: To develop moral character, personal discipline, civic conscience, and vocational efficiency, and to teach the duties of citizenship. Training was done through the public schools The private school (sectarian and non sectarian) Education under the commonwealth was to help prepare for the coming independence of a new Filipino nation Commonwealth Act no.578 conferred the status of "persons in authority" on supervisors, principals, teachers, and professors training adults.

31. EDUCATION SYSTEM DURING PHILIPPINE COMMONWEALTH PERIOD (1935-1942) Commonwealth Act no. 80 provided the legal basis for adult education pursuant to the constitutional provision on citizenship training for adults Commonwealth Act no.589 in 1940 established a school ritual in all public and private elementary and secondary schools consisting of solemn patriotic ceremonies that include the singing of national anthem and the recitation of the patriotic pledge Education aimed to continue the promotion of democratic ideals and way of life.

32. THANK YOU FOR LISTENING…

33. REFERENCES: HISTORY OF PHILIPPINE EDUCATION SYSTEM: by: Clarinda Aguinaldo The Education System During 1 st republic of the Philippines (1899-1901) By; Jerry Tamon Education in the Philippines during the American Period by: Lailanie Dela Penaailanie Dela Pena