1. Ruled by minority of citizens.
Athenian Democracy
Learning & Culture in Athens
Great Minds of Athens
Salon, man of wisdom, passed laws allowing all free males to vote in the assembly.
Direct Democracy, 5th Century BC
Young males served in Military & then had right to speak & vote in the assembly.
6000 jury men heard legal cases & handed down verdicts.
Athenian Democracy did not exist for everyone; i.e. women, slaves, or residents not born in Athens.
Ruled by minority of citizens.
Boys learned grammar, music, geometry, astronomy, geography, public speaking.
Athletic instruction was important
Athenian girls taught to be good wives & mothers. Women barely left home.
Strong devotion to learning made Athens a creative city-state.
Socrates, BC, wisest philosopher. Told students to constantly question. Convicted & killed for corrupting youth.
Plato, BC, pupil of Socrates. Asked “what is good?”; set up ideal form of gov’t in The Republic.
Aristotle, Plato’s student, established Lyceum to write about logic, politics, science. Studied science: botany, biology.

2. Introduction & Spartan Government
Spartan Way of Life
Results of Militarism
Interested in military matters
Elected 2 kings for 9 year terms.
Council of Elders and an assembly of free Spartans advised the Kings.
Assembly elected 5 ephors every year- held the real power.
Individuals served the needs of the state.
All males were professional soldiers.
Males spent childhood training for military service- endured pain without complaining.
Males married by 30 to have children
Males lived in barracks until 60
Women- no formal education- conditioned to be healthy mothers- legal rights equal to men.
Spartans were not allowed to participate in trade.
Harsh life
Economy based on argiculture.
Helots – non Spartan slaves
Invaded city states
Perioeci – artisans & merchants.
Lagged far behind other Greek city states economically.
Shunned philosophy, science, arts.