1. Nutrient Management Planning
Alan Sutton
Department of Animal Sciences

2. 1998 EPA Section 303(d) List Top 15 Causes of Water Quality Impairment

3. Nutrient Management: What is it?
Managing the amount, source, placement, form and timing of application of nutrients and soil amendments
Budget and supply nutrients for crop production
Properly utilize commercial fertilizers, animal manures and other materials as crop nutrient resources and soil amendments
Minimize nutrient losses from fields to protect surface and ground water resources

4. Nutrient Management Plan Components (CNMPs)
Site, field and soil maps
Identify sensitive areas
Crop rotation
Crop nutrient budget
Realistic yield goals
Records are best
Appropriate fertilizer recommendations
Land grant universities
Quantification of all nutrient resources
Commercial fertilizers
Manures
Planned nutrient applications
Time, rate and method
Implementation, operation and regular maintenance plan
Regular reviews

5. Problem Areas Over application of manure
Excessive nutrients in rations
Variable nutrient contents of manure
Insufficient storage capacity
Applications -- not uniform
Applications -- Do you know how much is applied?
Conflicting regulations

6. Problem Areas Different soil testing methods
Use of the Phosphorus Index
Use of other soils evaluation procedures
Nutrient availability (mineralization) rates
Pathogen concerns???

7. Livestock and Poultry Operations
“Whole Farm” Nutrient
Balances for
Livestock and Poultry Operations

8. Whole Farm Nutrient Balance on Livestock and Poultry Operations
Balance the input nutrients from feed, fertilizer, recycled manure and other sources with animal and plant nutrient needs for efficient crop, meat, egg and milk production

9. Whole Farm Nutrient Balance
Gas Emissions
Inputs
Feed
Animals
Irrigation
Water
Fertilizer
Legume N
Managed
Outputs
- Meat
- Crops
-Manure
Crops Manure
Farm
Boundary
Nutrient Imbalance
(inputs - managed outputs)

10. Correcting Whole Farm Nutrient Balance
Reduce feed nutrient imports
Reduce fertilizer imports
Export manure from farm
Treat manure to reduce nutrients

11. Nutrient ratios in manure generally do not meet crop nutrient requirements.

12. Impact of Diet on Land Application Requirements
Example Pork Operation
4,000 head grow-finisher
2.6 turns per year
120 day feeding period
Requirement based diet (based on ASABE 384.2; NRC, 1998)
Average CP = 15.8%
Average P = 0.437%
Average feed intake = 2.35 kg/d (5.18 lb/d)
Average daily gain = 0.84 kg/d (1.85 lb/d)

13. Impact of Diet on Land Application Requirements
Scenarios
Compare diets with combinations of different crude protein levels (15.77%; 13.1%; 11.6%) and total P levels (.437%; .369%; .30%)
Assumed a 30% N loss during storage in a slurry system
Assumed that the availability of N in the slurry at 80% for the crop at the time of application

14. Impact of Diet on Land Application Requirements
Reducing the crude protein of the diet:
15.8% to 13.1% reduced N excretion 25%
15.8% to 11.6% reduced N excretion 40%
(assume use of synthetic amino acids)
Reducing the total P of the diet:
0.437% to 0.369% reduced P excretion 25%
0.437% to 0.30% reduced P excretion 50%
(assume use of phytase and low phytate corn)
Increasing total P 20% over requirement increases P excretion 24.4%

15. Impact of Diet on Land Application Requirements (as applied)
Avail. Nutr. Applied
Ratio
CP, %
P, %
N, lb/yr
P2O5, lb/yr
N:P2O5
15.8
0.437
60,780
37,922
1.6:1(1.2:1)
0.369
28,359
2.1:1(1.6:1)
0.300
18,654
3.3:1(2.2:1)
13.1
45,314
1.2:1(0.9:1)
2.4:1(1.7:1)
11.6
36,326
0.96:1(0.7:1)
1.3:1(0.97:1)
2.0:1(1.3:1)
Assume 30% storage N loss and 80% total available N at application (commercial diet with 20% above NRC requirement for P)

16. Nitrogen and Phosphorus requirements by crops
Yield potential, bu/ac N,
lb/ac
P2O5,
Ratio
N:P2O5
Corn
176
183 65
2.8:1
143
139 53
2.6:1
115
101 43
2.3:1
Soybean 57
(220) 46
(4.8:1)
(180) 37
(4.9:1)
(140) 30
(4.6:1)

17. Nitrogen and Phosphorus requirements of Corn-Soybean 2-year rotation
Yield potential N,
lb/ac
P2O5,
Ratio
N:P2O5
High
183
111
1.6:1
Medium
139 90
1.5:1
Low
101 73
1.4:1

18. Land Application Area Required (high yield)
Diet
Application Acres
CP, %
P, %
N-basis
P-basis
Corn-Soybean
15.8
0.437
332
583
341
0.369
436
255
0.300
302
168
13.1
248
11.6
198
Assume 30% storage N loss and 80% total available N at application (NRC requirements)

19. Land Application Area Required (high yield)
Diet
Application Acres
CP, %
P, %
N-basis
P-basis
Corn-Soybean
15.8
0.546
332
771
451
0.461
578
339
0.375
417
244
13.1
248
11.6
198
Assume 30% storage N loss and 80% total available N at application (commercial diet with 20% above NRC requirement)

20. EPA CAFO Rule Revision
Duty to apply for those who discharge or intend to discharge
NMP open for public comment and included in the permit
New large swine, poultry and veal have a zero discharge requirement
Production area runoff must be stored unless prove reduction in pollutants
Best Current Technology for pathogen control (fecal coliforms)

22. Software Websites Spatial Nutrient Management Planner
Manure Management Planner

23. Questions ???