1. Set Operations
Part VI

2. Set Operations
Allow you to combine the results of two or more queries.
UNION ALL
UNION
MINUS
INTERSECT

3. Requirements Will This Work?
Result sets of all queries being combined must have the same number of columns
The data type of each column in the 2nd and subsequent result sets must match the data type of its corresponding column in the 1st result set
SELECT spriden_id
,spriden_last_name …
UNION
SELECT sgbstdn_pidm
,sgbstdn_term_code_eff
VARCHAR2(9)
VARCHAR2(60) …
NUMBER(8)
VARCHAR2(6)
Will This Work?

4. UNION ALL
Combines the results of multiple SELECT statements into one result set
SELECT 'SHREVNT’ AS Table_Code, shrevnt_pidm AS PIDM, spriden_id AS CSU_ID,
spriden_last_name || ', ' || spriden_first_name AS Name,
shrevnt_levl_code AS Levl, shrevnt_desc AS Description,
shrevnt_activity_date AS Activity_Date, shrevnt_orig_code AS Orig_Code,
FROM shrevnt, spriden
WHERE spriden_pidm = shrevnt_pidm AND spriden_change_ind IS NULL AND
shrevnt_effective_date IS NULL
UNION ALL
SELECT 'SHRTMCM’ AS Table_Code, shrtmcm_pidm AS PIDM, spriden_id AS CSU_ID,
shrtmcm_levl_code AS Levl, shrtmcm_comment AS Description,
shrtmcm_activity_date AS Activity_Date, shrtmcm_orig_code AS Orig_Code,
FROM shrtmcm, spriden
WHERE spriden_pidm = shrtmcm_pidm AND spriden_change_ind IS NULL AND
shrtmcm_effective_date IS NULL
ORDER BY Table_Code, Name, CSU_ID
Selects records that have null values for the effective date in tables related to academic history.

5. UNION
Combines the result set of multiple SELECT statements into one result set, then eliminates duplicate rows from the result set

6. MINUS
Takes the result set of the first SELECT statement and removes any rows also returned by subsequent SELECT statements
Duplicate rows are eliminated
-- get all person records
SELECT i.spriden_pidm
FROM spriden i
WHERE i.spriden_entity_ind = 'P’
MINUS
-- remove if application exists
SELECT saradap_pidm
FROM saradap
-- remove if transcript comment exists
SELECT shrtmcm_pidm
FROM shrtmcm

7. INTERSECT
Returns only those rows returned by each of the SELECT statements
Duplicate rows are eliminated
SELECT spriden_id csu_id
,spriden_last_name || ', ' || spriden_first_name name
FROM sgrvetn
JOIN spriden
ON spriden_pidm = sgrvetn_pidm
AND spriden_change_ind is null
INTERSECT
FROM sgrsprt
ON spriden_pidm = sgrsprt_pidm
ORDER BY name

8. Intersect Why not this instead? SELECT distinct spriden_id csu_id
,spriden_last_name || ', ' || spriden_first_name name
FROM sgrvetn
JOIN spriden
ON spriden_pidm = sgrvetn_pidm
AND spriden_change_ind is null
JOIN sgrsprt
ON sgrsprt_pidm = sgrvetn_pidm
ORDER BY name

9. Rules / Restrictions
Column names used in the result set are derived from the first SELECT statement
ORDER BY can appear only once and it must be after the final SELECT statement
Column names used in the ORDER BY must be those defined in the first SELECT statement
GROUP BY and HAVING may appear in any of the SELECT statements

10. Questions?