1. After “Cultural Imperialism”

2. The End of History, Francis Fukuyama
Francis Fukuyama, deputy director of the State Department's policy planning staff and former analyst at the RAND Corporation.
He published a 1989 essay, The End of History, in the international-affairs journal The National Interest, proposing that the advent of  Western liberal democracy  represented this end-point.
Fukuyama expanded on this essay in a 1992 book, The End of History and The Last Man. 

3. The end of history is a political and philosophical concept that supposes that a particular political, economic, or social system may develop that would constitute the end-point of humanity's sociocultural evolution and the final form of human government. 

4.  "The End of History," which held that the age-old struggle over political ideologies had ended and that liberal democracy was the victor.
Such determinism was characteristic of post-Cold War thinking. In a globalized economy, it was widely believed, nations had no choice but to liberalize--first economically, then politically--if they wanted to compete and to survive.

5. The idea of an 'end of history' does not imply that nothing more will ever happen. It refers to the belief in the inevitability of human progress, the belief that history moves in only one direction.
"At the end of history," as Francis Fukuyama famously put it, "there are no serious ideological competitors left to liberal democracy. "
In the field of international communication, it is reflected by the gap between western media and eastern media

6. Clash of Civilizations
The Clash of Civilizations is a theory that people's cultural and religious identities will be the primary source of conflict in the post-Cold War world.
It was proposed by political scientist Samuel P. Huntington in a 1992 lecture , which was then developed in a 1993 Foreign Affairs article titled "The Clash of Civilizations “.

7.  In response to his former student Fukuyama’s 1992 book,  The End of History and The Last Man, Huntington later expanded his thesis in a 1996 book The Clash of Civilizations and the Remaking of World Order.

8. Huntington believed that while the age of ideology had ended, the world had only reverted to a normal state of affairs characterized by cultural conflict. In his thesis, he argued that the primary axis of conflict in the future will be along cultural and religious lines.
As an extension, he posits that the concept of different civilizations, as the highest rank of cultural identity, will become increasingly useful in analyzing the potential for conflict.

9. The clash of civilizations, represents a development of history
The clash of civilizations, represents a development of history. In the old time, the history of international system was mainly about the struggles between monarchs, nations and ideologies. Those conflicts were primarily seen within Western civilization.
But after the end of the cold war, world politics had been moved into a new aspect in which non-Western civilizations were no more the exploited recipients of Western civilization but become another important actor joining the West to shape and move the world history.

10. Major civilizations
Western civilization, Latin American, the Orthodox world, the Eastern world, the mix of the Buddhist, Chinese, Hindu, and Japanese civilizations, the Muslim World, Sub-Saharan Africa

11. Conflicts in Balcan nations, Ukraine
911
Rise of Al Jazeera in Qartar

12. Theory of Globalization
globalization refers to fundamental changes in the spatial and temporal contours of social existence, according to which the significance of space or territory undergoes shifts in the face of a no less dramatic acceleration in the temporal structure of crucial forms of human activity.

13. Globalization can be seen as a logical consequence of technological development (which allows us to communicate whenever wherever) and the dissolution of boundaries. This is called ‘time-space-compression’ due to the fact that space is not seen as it was: the world we live in is much smaller than the world 100 years ago. Also, time is not an issue any more because you can communicate to the other end of the world by using the internet, ships can deliver goods faster and so do airplanes

14. Focused on decentralization and diversification
But it also encounters anti-globalization, critical of the globalization of corporate capitalism.
Anti-globalization oppose what they see as large, multi-national corporations having unregulated political power, exercised through trade agreements and deregulated financial markets. Specifically, corporations are accused of seeking to maximize profit at the expense of work safety conditions and standards, labor hiring and compensation standards, environmental conservation principles, and the integrity of national legislative authority, independence and sovereignty. 

15. According to Mattelart, globalization started from global marketing, which emphasizes economic integration. When used in culture exchange, with business logic, it neglects the complication of reality.

16. Global Governance
It is towards political integration of transnational actors aimed at negotiating responses to problems that affect more than one state or region. It tends to involve institutionalization. These institutions of global governance - the United Nations, the International Criminal Court, the World Bank, etc. - tend to have limited or demarcated power to enforce compliance. The modern question of world governance exists in the context of globalization and globalizing regimes of power: politically, economically and culturally.

17. Concepts like multilateralism and soft power are related to it, which does not focus on power and force.
It is more about cooperation, regulations, common interests and shared values.
It is a new direction for resolve the disputes over global communication.

18. To some extent it can be considered to be the continuation of New World Information Order. It means the change of paradigm compared with the old way of control.
It is meaningful for developing countries. On one hand, they are faced with many challenges brought by globalization. On the other, the traditional way of control does not fit the new environment. Turning from control to governance is irresistible. It is more constructive for building the New World Information Order.

19. From International Communication to Global Communication
Some scholars point out that transnational corporations are playing the leading role in global communication. In this process, conflict between the consumer culture advocated by TNCs and ideology advocated by sovereignties replaces that between different ideologies of sovereignties.

20. Based on Internet，the interaction contained in global communication replaces the one-way flow in International Communication.
The purpose is the global expansion of consumer culture to gain more profits.
It emphasizes the weakened power of nation-states, which many people think is still far away from us.

21. Cross-culture communication
It looks at how people from differing cultural backgrounds communicate, in similar and different ways among themselves, and how they endeavour to communicate  across cultures.
More about how individuals from different cultures interact with each other.

22. Theory of communication
Instead of mass communication, it focuses on interaction between individuals. And it is more about exchange of thoughts.
The 1999 book :
Speaking to the Air : A History of the Idea of Communication，John Durham Peters

23. Some scholars think participation is more important
Some scholars think participation is more important. So is coordinating actions.