1. Culture, Government, Society
Rome
Culture, Government, Society

2. Roman Society
Rome was divided into four main social classes based on wealth and rank
Classes were the Patricians, Plebeians, Freedmen, and Slaves
Patricians were the wealthy landowning group of politicians and military officials, they only made up about 5% of Rome population
Plebeians were the commoners and peasants of Rome making up other 95%

3. Society Patricians and Plebeians were the Roman citizens
Major difference in hierarchy was birth and job status
Freedmen had paid out of slavery but were not citizens and had little rights
Slaves were conquered people from other lands and farmed or built roads throughout Rome

4. Laws
Plebeians demanded laws be written down for equal rule across the city
Law of Twelve Tables were inscribed on bronze tablets in the forum
Forum was the major marketplace and central location in Rome
Laws could be appealed by Plebeians as they were consistent across city

5. Government
Early Rome had been ruled with a King but in 509 B.C. would shift toward a Republic
A Republic is a form of government where citizens vote on representatives to decide issues

6. Roman Republic
Senate was powerful early on with 300 patricians in charge
Senators had life sentences creating laws and taxes for civilization
Two Consuls, political leaders were then elected by Senate as overseers
Consuls supervised business of government and had military command

7. The Assembly
While the Patricians were able to control the Senate, the Plebeians were given the Assembly.  
The Assembly was where Plebeians could hold their own debates and had a larger population effecting political decisions  
Assembly could elect consuls and other political positions so their approval was necessary
Assembly also had Veto power showing balance between branches

8. Roman Republic
cientcultures/romanrepublic/

9. 12 Tables Activity
Using your 12 Tables document and worksheet discuss the effects of each prompt as if you were a Roman juror

11. Roman Culture
Society was male-dominated with men having absolute power in household
Role of women was changing with some running businesses but most working at home raising families
Similarities with Greek values with only men having a vote in government

12. Education
Education was important: both boys and girls learn how to write
Citizens were expected to memorize important moments in Roman history
Private tutors were hired by wealthiest Roman citizens
Religion had similar Gods as Greece with many feasts and celebrations on their calendars

13. Architecture Blend of Etruscan and Greek values
Use of arch showed symmetry and balance in buildings
Arch would lead to development of dome and coliseum in the future

14. By 270 B.C. the Romans had defeated the Etruscans and neighboring Greek city- states, giving them control over the Italian peninsula
Rome was able to do this with the largest and most organized army in the Mediterranean
Citizen soldiers known as the Legion were able to conquer these lands leading to an increased tax revenue and military force
Growth of Rome

15. Expansion Cont.
Rome battles Carthage in the Punic Wars for control of the Mediterranean 
Battles occur from B.C.
Carthage was a massive trading empire along Northern Africa 
In the first Punic War, Rome defeats Carthage and gains Sicily, Corsica, and Sardinia

16.  Punic Wars
Second Punic War pits Rome against Carthaginian general Hannibal
Hannibal uses elephants and tries to attack Rome by traveling through Alps
Carthage is once again defeated now only controlling North Africa
Third Punic War leads to Rome destroying Carthage and salting the lands
 Rome is now in control of western Mediterranean regions 

18. Roman Imperialism
Roman Empire
Imperialism: a policy of extending a country's influence with military or political dominance
Romans confront and take over divided Hellenistic nations. 
Rome now has control from Spain to Egypt

19. Problems with Imperialism
As Rome gets wealthier and empire grows, slaves begin taking Roman jobs
This leads to widespread unemployment and angry Plebeians
Farmers move into city of Roma causing a massive food shortage
New wealth leads to corruption in Senate

20. Attempts at Reform
Tiberius and Gaius Gracchus will attempt to lead reforms in Rome
Senate is angered when they distribute land to farmers and kill them
Rome will now be plunged into a series of civil wars
Who will rise from the ashes of the republic...?