1. I. Secession A minority of Americans wanted to leave the Union
Southerners thought Lincoln would free their slaves
Lincoln promised to preserve the Union and democracy
Confederates fire on Ft Sumter in Charleston on April 12, 1861

2. II. Northern Strategies
Blockade Southern ports to disrupt trade (Anaconda)
Split the South along the Mississippi River
Capture the capital of CSA, Richmond

3. II. Northern Strategies
These were accomplished using far greater economic resources
Industrial capacity
Miles of railroad tracks
Manpower
Naval power

4. II. Northern Strategies
Lincoln was able to direct the US
Made it a war about preserving the Union
Freed the slaves after a victory to make it a political decision
Even with these advantages, the North nearly lost during the first 2 years of the war

5. III. Southern Strategies
South relied on King Cotton and trading with Great Britain
Trading for goods and ships they lacked
Tried to defend their land
Home field advantage
Tried outlast the North
Make it as long and costly (people and $) as possible

6. III. Southern Strategies
Invaded the North twice to gain foreign support
Tried to seek support and recognition from GB
Leaders like Robert E Lee were able to move and lead men and materials
Most of the best US generals quit and became Confederate generals

7. III. Southern Strategies
CSA President Jefferson Davis was unable to get states to work together
They believed in state’s rights so they wouldn’t listen to Confederate gov’t

8. IV. Emancipation Proclamation
Lincoln feared freeing ALL slaves would upset the border states
Slave states that did not secede
Kentucky, Missouri, Maryland, West Virginia, Delaware
Freed slaves only in areas rebelling
That meant the CSA and they weren’t listening
Announcing in fall of 1862 and waiting until 1/1/1863 gave CSA chance to surrender

9. IV. Emancipation Proclamation
Made it hard for British gov’t to support CSA b/c British people hated slavery
Slaves aren’t truly free until the 13th Amendment after the war
AAs can now join the US Army
Serve well but are discriminated
54th Massachusetts attack on Ft Wagner in Charleston (Glory)

10. V. Battles Ft Sumter Union troops had moved to the fort in December
The Union refuses to leave even though fort is in the CSA
On April 12, 1861, Confederates fire on Union fort
Union surrenders after 34 hours

11. V. Battles Bull Run/Manassas 1st major land battle
USA and CSA meet in Virginia
USA is routed and turned back to Washington DC
Showed the war wasn’t going to be over in 90 days like both sides thought

12. V. Battles Antietam 1st CSA attempt to invade USA
Orders are found by Union soldiers so they are ready
CSA retreats
Bloodiest single day in American history
22,717 casualties
USA victory allows Lincoln to release the Emancipation Proclamation

13. V. Battles
Vicksburg, MS
Last Southern city left on the Mississippi River
Union, led by Gen Grant, laid siege to the city
It finally surrenders on July 4, 1863
Gives USA complete control of the Mississippi
Splits the CSA in half

14. V. Battles Gettysburg 2nd attempt of CSA to invade the North
Three day battle goes back and forth
Lee is turned back by Union Gen Meade on July 4, 1863
Last time CSA invades the North
Bloodiest battle in American history

15. V. Battles March to the Sea
Grant is promoted by Lincoln after Vicksburg to Union commander
Grant sends Sherman south to wage total war
Destroy everything and take war to the people
Sherman marches from Tennessee to Savannah
Burns Atlanta to the ground
Turns north thru SC and burns Columbia

16. V. Battles Appomattox Court House
Lee surrenders main part of the CSA army on April 9, 1865
Fighting is essentially over
Lincoln is assassinated by John Wilkes Booth on April 14, 1865