1. Chapter 7
Skeletal System

2. Skeleton – 206 bones
Framework – bones support the body’s muscles, fat and skin
Protection – bones protect vital organs.
Levers - muscles attach to bones to help provide movement
Production of blood cells- help produce red and white blood cells and platelets
Storage – bones store calcium, phosphorus and fats

3. Long Bone Structure
diaphysis – long shaft epiphysis – ends of bone medullary canal – cavity in diaphysis endosteum – membrane that lines medullary canal; keeps yellow marrow intact periosteum – covering of the outside of the bone; contains blood vessels, lymph vessels osteoblasts(cells that form new bone tissue)

4. Bone Structure
Yellow marrow – storage area for fat cells; contains cells that form leukocytes (white blood cells)
Red marrow – found some bones such as vertebrae, ribs, sternum and cranium; produces RBC, platelets, and WBC
used to diagnose blood diseases
used in transplants

5. Skeletal System Sections
Axial Skeleton – forms main trunk of body
skull, spinal column, ribs, breastbone
Appendicular Skeleton – forms extremities
shoulder girdle, arm bones, pelvic girdle, and leg bones

6. Cranium – protects the brain
fontanels – “soft spots”, allow for enlargement of skull as brain grows
sutures – where cranial bones join together
foramina – openings in bones that allow nerves and blood vessels to enter or leave bone

7. Spinal Column 26 Bones Purpose is to protect the spinal cord and
provide support for
the head and trunk

8. Ribs
12 pairs True Ribs – 7 pairs; attach directly to sternum (breastbone) False Ribs – 3 pairs; attach to cartilage of the rib above Floating Ribs – 2 pairs; floating, no attachment to front of body

9. Upper Body
sternum – breastbone clavicles – collarbones scapulas – shoulder blades; provide attachment of upper arm bones

10. Arm and Hand
humerus – upper arm radius – lower arm on thumb side ulna – larger bone of lower arm with projection called olecranon process carpals – 8; wrist bones metacarpals – 5; palm of the hand phalanges – 14; fingers
phalanges

11. Legs
Femur – large bone in thigh Patella – knee cap Tibia – (shin bone) larger weight bearing bone of lower leg Fibula – slender smaller bone of lower leg

12. Feet tarsals – 7; ankle bones
calcaneus – heel bone (largest tarsal bone)
metatarsals – 5; instep of foot
phalanges – 14; toes
phalanges
metatarsals

13. Joints – points where bones connect
Bones cannot bend so when 2 bones come together and need to move, they form a joint.

14. Diseases & Abnormal Conditions
Arthritis – inflammation of the joint
Fractures – crack or break in bone
Simple – complete break of bone with no damage to skin
Compound – complete break of bone that ruptures the skin

15. Diseases & Abnormal Conditions
Dislocation – bone forcible displaced from a joint Sprain – twisting action tears ligaments at a joint

16. Diseases & Abnormal Conditions
Osteomyelitis – bone inflammation; infectious organisms cause the formation of an abscess within the bone and an accumulation of pus in the medullary canal Osteoporosis – porosity or softening of the bones

17. Diseases & Abnormal Conditions
Ruptured Disk – herniated or slipped disk, intervertebral disk ruptures or protrudes out of place causing pressure on spinal nerve

18. Diseases & Abnormal Conditions
Spinal Curvatures
scoliosis – side to side, curvature of spine
kyphosis – hunchback, rounding bowing in thoracic area
lordosis – swayback, inward curvature of lumbar region