1. Intravenous Solutions, Equipment, and Calculations Part 1
Chapter 15
Intravenous Solutions, Equipment, and Calculations
Part 1
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2. IV Components Abbreviation Solution Component D Dextrose W Water S
Saline NS
Normal Saline (0.9% NaCl)
NaCl
Sodium Chloride RL
Ringer’s Lactate LR
Lactated Ringer’s
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3. On D5W label the 5 is telling you about the percentage of Dextrose there is in the bag which is 5 grams per 100 mL. On 0.9% Sodium Chloride you will look at the 0.9% which comes out to 0.9 grams per 100 mL Remember that there is X grams per 100 mL

4. Normal Serum Osmolarity
Hypotonic
Used to dilute excess serum electrolytes
Example: 0.45 percent Saline
Isotonic
Used to expand volume and maintain normal tonicity
Example: 0.9 percent Saline, Lactated Ringer’s, 5 percent Dextrose
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5. Normal Serum Osmolarity (Continued)
Hypertonic
Used to correct electrolyte imbalances
Example: 5 percent Dextrose and 0.9 percent Saline
5 percent Dextrose and Lactated Ringer’s
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6. IV Sites Peripheral Central line
Rate of infusion should not exceed 200 mL in one hour
Central line
Accommodates larger concentrations and volumes of fluid
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7. IV Sites (Continued) Complications Phlebitis Infiltration Infection
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8. Standard Straight Gravity Flow IV
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9. IV with Piggyback (IV PB)
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© 2013 Delmar Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied, duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.

10. IV Flow Rate Ordered by physician
Nurse’s responsibility to regulate, monitor, and maintain flow rate
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11. IV Flow Rate: mL per hour
Regulate an IV volume by electronic infusion pump or controller calibrated in mL per hour
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12. Calculation of IV Flow Rate: mL per hour
Order:
D5W 250 mL IV over the next two hours by infusion pump
Step 1: Think
If 250 mL is to be infused in two hours, how much will be infused per hour?
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13. Calculation of IV Flow Rate: mL per hour (Continued)
Step 2: Use the formula
Set pump at 125 mL per hour
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14. IV Flow Rate in mL per hour: Infusion Rate is less than 1 hour
(rounded to a whole number)
Order:
Ampicillin 500 mg IV in 50 mL D5NS in 30 min by controller
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15. IV Flow Rate in mL per hour: Infusion Rate is less than 1 hour (Continued)
Step 1: Think
Controller is set by the rate of mL per hour
If 50 mL is to be infused in 30 minutes
100 mL will be infused in 60 minutes
Set rate of controller at 100 mL per hour to infuse 50 mL per 30 min
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16. IV Flow Rate in mL per hour: Infusion Rate is less than 1 hour (Continued)
Step 2: Calculate
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17. IV Flow Rate: Drops per min
Formula for IV flow rate for manually regulated IVs ordered in mL per hour or for minutes
Calibration or drop factor (drops per mL)
Volume (mL)
Time (min)
gtt per min
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18. IV Flow Rate: Drops per min (Continued)
Carry calculations to one decimal
Round drops per min to the nearest whole number
Watch
Count only whole drops
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19. Calculation of Drops per min
Physician orders
D5W IV at 125 mL per hour
Infusion set is calibrated for a drop factor of 10 drops per mL
Calculate IV flow rate in drops per min
Notice that the mL cancel out, leaving drops per min
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20. Calculation of Drops per min (Continued)
Use your watch to count drops and adjust roller clamp to deliver 21 drops per min
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21. Calculation of Drops per min: Microdrop Drop Factor
When IV drop factor is 60 drops per mL (microdrop sets)
Flow rate in drops per min is same as volume ordered in mL per hour
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22. Calculation of Drops per min: Microdrop Drop Factor (Continued)
Order:
D5W NS IV at 50 mL per h
Drop factor is 60 drops per mL
Notice order, 50 mL per hour, is the same as the flow rate of 50 drops per min when drop factor is 60 drops per mL
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23. Calculation of gtt per min: Microdrop Drop Factor
© 2013 Delmar Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied, duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.