1. OLD AGE SECURITY REGIONAL OVERVIEW
Bangkok
05th July 2019

2. Evolution in Fertility Rates

6. Challenges - The fast pace of Ageing
ADB, 2017
OECD countries took years to go from young to old societies; Asian countries are taking just years
Viet Nam will have 21 million pensionable age people by 2030
By 2100, Lao’s old age dependency ratio will rise six fold

7. TODAY
PAST

9. 32%
of older persons
do not receive a pension
GLOBALLY

10. 45%
of older persons
do not receive a pension
ASIA & PACIFIC

11. 68.5%
of older persons
do not receive a pension
ASEAN

12. 67% of
of older persons in Viet Nam
depend on their family

13. Half of older persons in Phillipines
face «some» or «considerable» difficulty in meeting expenses

17. Public expenditure on old-age pensions and other benefits
Public social protection expenditure on pensions and other benefits, excluding health,
for persons above statutory pensionable age (% of GDP), and share of older population 65 and above in total population (%)
On average,
of GDP is allocated to social protection for older persons
Source: ILO, World Social Protection Report , mainly based on Social Security Inquiry
Data on social protection expenditure for children in 139 countries show that, on average, 1.1 per cent of GDP is spent on child benefits
Large regional disparities, from 0.1 per cent in North Africa and the Arab States to 2.5 per cent in Europe.
Significant underinvestment in children

18. ASEAN

20. Closing the Gap Will not happen only through contributory schemes
Long period until everyone is covered (scheme mature)
High prevalence of informal economy

21. Social Protection in ASEAN Member States
Late starters
Quickly catching up

22. Fast developments Tax Funded Pensions
Countries with Universal Coverage
Thailand and Brunei (+ Timor Leste)
Countries with means-tested pensions
Philippines, Indonesia, Singapore, Malaysia
Countries with limited coverage but universal principles
Myanmar, Viet Nam
Countries with advanced discussions on universal coverage
Malaysia, Viet Nam

23. TAX FUNDED PENSIONS

24. Be aware of the risks of delaying unpopular reforms

25. Ensure Pensions Adequacy

26. Indexation of Benefits

27. NEED FOR INTEGRATED SOLUTIONS

28. TAX FUNDED PENSIONS

29. Be aware of the risks of delaying unpopular reforms

30. Nuno Cunha – cunhan@ilo.org
Thank you
Nuno Cunha –