1. KEEPING CURRENT, USING TECHNOLOGY IN TEACHING, THE 4TH
INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION 
Professor Ntshengedzeni Sampson Mamphweli
2019/12/07

2. EMERGENCE OF THE REVOLUTIONS
There is a common theme among each of the industrial revolutions: the invention of a specific technology that changed society fundamentally.
The 1st Industrial Revolution started in Britain around It was powered by a major invention: the steam engine. The steam engine enabled new manufacturing processes, leading to the creation of factories.
The 2nd Industrial Revolution came about a century later and it was characterized by mass production in new industries such as steel, oil and electricity. The light bulb, telephone and internal combustion engine were some of the key inventions of this era. This happened in Britain, Germany, the United States, France, Italy and Japan.
The inventions of the semiconductor, personal computer and the internet marked the Third Industrial Revolution starting in the 1960s. This is also referred to as the “Digital Revolution.” This spread across the world.

3. INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTIONS

4. EMERGENCE OF THE REVOLUTIONS

5. BRIEF HISTORY OF THE 4TH IR
Klaus Schwab, founder and executive chairman of the Geneva-based World Economic Forum, published a book in 2016 titled “The Fourth Industrial Revolution” and coined the term at the Davos meeting in 2016.
Schwab argued a technological revolution is underway “that is blurring the lines between the physical, digital and biological spheres.”

6. THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN THE 4TH IR AND THE 3RD IR
The 4th Industrial Revolution is different from the third for two reasons: the gap between the digital, physical and biological worlds is shrinking, and technology is changing faster than ever
The 4th Industrial Revolution (4IR) is characterised by emerging technology breakthroughs in a number of fields, including robotics, artificial intelligence, nanotechnology, quantum computing, biotechnology, The Internet of Things (IoT), decentralized consensus, 3D printing and autonomous vehicles.
The fourth industrial revolution, however, is not only about smart and connected machines and systems. It is the fusion of these technologies and their interaction across the physical, digital and biological domains that make the 4th IR fundamentally different from previous revolutions.

7. The KEY ASPECTS OF THE 4th IR

8. Autonomous robots and vehicles
An autonomous robot is a robot that performs behaviors or tasks with a high degree of autonomy (without external influence).
Autonomous robotics is usually considered to be a subfield of artificial intelligence, robotics, and information engineering.
Autonomous vehicles/cars are self driving cars that require little or no driver interference.

9. IT Systems integration
IT Systems Integration is about the integration of IT systems into a business. This phrase can be used to cover two main areas.
The integration of technical components, applications and infrastructure into or alongside existing systems.
IT Systems Integration enables the fusion of various technologies to perform a task or service.

10. Internet of Things
The Internet of Things, (IoT) refers to the interconnection via the Internet of computing devices embedded in everyday objects, enabling them to send and receive data.
The Internet of Things, can also be referred to as a system of interrelated computing devices, mechanical and digital machines, objects, animals or people that are provided with unique identifiers ( UIDs ) and the ability to transfer data over a network without requiring human-to-human or human-to-computer interaction

11. Simulation
A simulation is an approximate imitation of the operation of a process or system; the act of simulating first requires a model is developed.
Simulation is used in many contexts, such as simulation of technology for performance optimization, safety engineering, testing, training, education, and video games.

12. Additive manufacturing
Additive manufacturing adds material to create an object.
Although the terms "3D printing" and "rapid prototyping" are casually used to discuss additive manufacturing, each process is actually a subset of additive manufacturing.
Additive manufacturing is about more than just creating a physical product, it is about bringing design and innovation to the forefront.

13. Cloud computing
This is the practice of using a network of remote serves hosted on the Internet to store, manage and process data rather than a local server or computer.
Cloud computing is a model for enabling convenient, on-demand network access to a shared pool of configurable computing resources (e.g., networks, servers, storage, applications, and services) that can be rapidly provisioned and released with minimal management effort or service provider interaction. .

14. Augmented reality
Augmented reality is an interactive experience of a real-world environment where the objects that reside in the real-world are enhanced by computer-generated perceptual information, sometimes across multiple sensory modalities, including visual, auditory, haptic, somatosensory and olfactory
This refers to a technology that superimposes a computer-generated image on a user's view of the real world, thus providing a composite view. E.g driver/pilot training technologies such as flight simulators.

15. Big data
Big data refers to extremely large data sets that may be analysed computationally to reveal patterns, trends, and associations, especially relating to human behaviour and interactions.

16. Cyber security
Cyber security or information technology security are the techniques of protecting computers, networks, programs and data from unauthorized access or attacks that are aimed for exploitation.
Network security includes activities to protect the usability, reliability, integrity and safety of the network.
Cyber “thieves” steal information, which they use to their advantage that in most cases is to the disadvantage of the owners of the information.

17. The impact of the 4th IR in teaching and learning
“The illiterate of the 21st century will not be those who cannot read and write, but those who cannot learn, unlearn, and relearn”. Alvin Toffler, (1970).
The pace of development and the huge range of technologies available means that this is not part of the gradual technological trends that we’ve experienced in the past. The 4th IR has started to impact on society on a scale that is not reflected in the school curriculum.
The educators have a responsibility to prepare our learners, providing them not only with the knowledge and understanding of the technologies, but also the skills to make the right career decisions.
In the current environment, the educational tools, techniques and curriculum that we have been using for decades may no longer be fit for purpose. Learners need to understand the technologies and their potential disruptions to future job markets, recruitment and work.

18. The impact of the 4th IR in teaching and learning
The 4th IR presents a set of challenges that educators need to address in order to continue delivering a relevant education to the today’s learners.
Two concerns that are being widely discussed internationally are the threats to our jobs from automation and the increasingly rapid rates that knowledge becomes obsolete.
The 4th IR brings along a huge skills gap, which is more evident on leaders at every level and/or industry.

19. The impact of the 4th IR in teaching and learning: e-learning
E-learning is one of the learning methods associated with the 4th IR.
E-learning is defined as a learning system based on formalized teaching with the help of electronic resources.
This can be in or out of classrooms.
The delivery or transfer of knowledge can be done to a large number of recipients at the same or different times.
The introduction of computers sparked the evolution of e-learning, and electronic educational materials such as optical discs or pen drives are replacing books.
Devices such as tablets and smartphones are now used in the learning process in and out of classrooms.

20. The link between the 4th IR and e-learning
Internet of things: The Internet plays a big role in e-learning as resources (information etc) are mainly located in the Internet, optical discs or pen drives.
Innovation: Learners and educators approach problems with open minds in order to come up with innovative ideas. Innovation drives the discovery of products and services.
Augmented reality and simulation: This can be used to simulate the reality during the learning process.
Additive manufacturing: This enables the quick manufacturing of e-learning tools such as tablets, computers, phones, laptops, optical discs, per drives etc.
Cyber security: Both learners and teachers need to be aware of this and this becomes a risk.

21. HOW TO SURVIVE THE 4TH IR
There are four things that leaders should do:
Be prepared for (embrace) digital transformation and reskilling yourself and your workforce (teachers).
Rely on data or information to make strategic and key decisions.
Encourage teachers to drive the learners towards innovation, which may be infused in the current curriculum.
Always remember that every revolution has casualties and beneficiaries, choose wisely whether you want to be a beneficiary or a casualty.

22. Autonomous/self driving vehicles
EXAMPLES
Augmented reality
Autonomous/self driving vehicles

23. Thank You Prof Ntshengedzeni Sampson Mamphweli Tel: Mobile: / website: