3. Radiation pollution Radiation pollution is caused by passages and electromagnetic radiation emitted from natural and man-made sources. Sources  Nuclear power plants  Nuclear weapon  Transportation of nuclear waste  Disposal of nuclear waste  Uranium mining  Refining of radioactive substances  Preparation of radioactive isotopes

4. Non-ionizing radiation: Electricwave,Microwave,Ultraviolet rays etc.

5. Radioactive waste generates radioactivity and emits radioactive by products.

6. BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS

7. ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS

8. SOCIO-ECONOMIC EFFECTS

10. Radiation Causes Ionizations of: ATOMS which may affect MOLECULES which may affect CELLS which may affect TISSUES which may affect ORGANS which may affect THE WHOLE BODY Although we tend to think of biological effects in terms of the effect of radiation on living cells, in actuality, ionizing radiation, by definition, interacts only with atoms by a process called ionization. Thus, all biological damage effects begin with the consequence of radiation interactions with the atoms forming the cells. As a result, radiation effects on humans proceed from the lowest to the highest levels as noted in the above list.

11. Single –strand break in DNA Single strand breaks(SSBs) are the most common, arising at a frequency of tens of thousands per cell per Day from direct attack by intracellular metabolites and from spontaneous DNA decay

12. Double-strand break in DNA The genome of a cell is continuously damaged, which is inevitable because DNA damage Often arises as result of normal cellular processes. By-products of cell’s own metabolism such As reactive oxygen species can damage DNA bases and cause lesions that can block progression Of replication.The result is double-strand breaks (DSBs) in the chromosome.

13. Cross-linking different DNA strands and cross-linking DNA and protein DNA–protein interactions are required for cell survival, and their disruption is likely to have serious biological consequences. DNA–protein cross-links (DPCs) form when cellular proteins become covalently trapped on DNA strands upon exposure to various endogenous, environmental and chemotherapeutic agents.

15. SUMMARY The disposal of radioactive wastes causes pollution. The high level products of Nuclear wastes remain in environment for hundreds of years. Nuclear fuels in atomic reactors produce pollution. The heat given out during fission is converted into electricity. Leakage in nuclear reactor also causes large scale environmental pollution. Double strand DNA breaks related to cell killing. Result in mitotic death. Leads to clinically significant events.

16. THANKING YOU