1. Alkanes and Cycloalkanes By Prof. Dr. Adel M. Awadallah
Organic chemistry for medicine and biology students
Chem 2311
Chapter 2
Alkanes and Cycloalkanes
By Prof. Dr.
Adel M. Awadallah
Islamic University of Gaza

2. Alkanes and Cycloalkanes
Hydrocarbons (contain only carbon and hydrogen)
Saturated: (Contain only single bonds)
Alkanes (CnH2n + 2 )
Cycloalkanes (CnH2n )
b) Unsaturated: contain
Alkenes: double bonds (,,,CnH2n)
Alkynes: triple bonds (CnH2n - 2)
Aromatic: benzene like compounds

3. The structure of alkanes

4. Alkyl groups

5. Nomenclature of substituted alkanes
Choose the largest continuous chain
Start numbering (lowest possible numbering)
List substituents alphabitically.
Use di, tri, tetra, penta, hexa, hepta, octa, nona, deca for identical groups
Examples

6. If there are two equally long continuous chains, choose the one with most branches

7. Physical properties of alkanes
1) Water insoluble
2) low boiling point, which increases upon increasing the number of carbons in the alkane
3) branched alkanes have lower boiling points than the corresponding long chain alkanes

8. Conformations of Alkanes:
Conformers: Stereoisomers that are interconvertible by bond rotation

9. Cycloalkanes:

10. Conformations of Cyclohexane

11. Reactions of Alkanes:

12. expected from chlorination of propane
Draw the monochloro and dichloro products
expected from chlorination of propane