1. Bones & Cartilage

2. Skeletal System Introduction
Functions
Support
Mineral/Lipid Storage
Blood Cell production
Protection
Leverage
Types Compact – organized into osteons Spongy – forms a lattice of bony struts aka trabeculae

3. The Skeleton 206 bones Each bone is an organ Axial division Skull
Vertebral column
Sternum
Ribs
Hyoid bone
Appendicular division
Pectoral girdle
Upper limbs
Pelvic girdle
Lower limbs

4. Classification of Bones

5. Periosteum: tough, fibrous membrane that encases the bone
Outer layer where tendons and ligaments attach
Inner cellular layer: osteoblasts (bone growth and repair) and osteocytes (mature bone cells that maintain the matrix)
Diaphysis: the shaft of the bone
Made mainly of compact bone
Interior cavity (medullary cavity) lined with spongy bone and stores marrow
Endosteum: membrane that surrounds the medullary cavity
Contains osteoclasts  bone remodeling or mineral release
Metaphysis: in between diaphysis and either epiphysis
The epiphyseal plate in early childhood development
Epiphysis: located at both proximal and distal ends of the bone
Bone Structure

8. Histology of the Bone Osteons: aka Haversian systems
Concentric lamellae rings
Lacunae (contain the osteocytes)
Perforating canal (where blood vessels, nerves, and lymph vessels enter the bone via the periosteum)  run perpendicular to central canals
Central canal: center of the osteons
Canaliculi: facilitate nutrient, gas, and waste exchange with the blood
Bone continuously is remodeled throughout life
Distal end of a bone is remodeled, the diaphysis may never be

9. Bone Modeling/Remodeling

10. Cartilage
No nerves
No blood vessels
Rubber like padding

12. Bone comes from cartilage?

13. Growth Plates

14. Repairing Broken Bone

15. What else can the skeleton tell us?