1. Carbohydrates
By: Yuleydy Uribe

2. Organic Compounds
All living organisms are made up of organic compounds, compounds that contain carbon.
The number of different carbon compounds is vast because carbon can form single, double, or triple covalent bonds.
It can form molecules that are ring shaped, branched, or long chains.
There are four classes of organic compounds: carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids.

3. Carbohydrates
The body uses carbohydrates for fuel and as building materials.
Carbohydrates consist of three elements: carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen.
The ratio of the number of hydrogen atoms to the number of oxygen atoms in all carbohydrates is always 2 to 1.
The body uses carbohydrates for quick energy.
There are three classes of carbohydrates you should know: monosaccharides, disaccharides, and polysaccharides.

4. Monosaccharides Monosaccharides have a chemical formula of C6H12O6.
Three examples are glucose, galactose, and fructose, which are isomers of each other.
The structural formula of glucose is shown below.

5. Disaccharides Disaccharides have the chemical formula of C12H22O11.
They consist of two monosaccharides joined together, with the release of one molecule of water, by the process known as dehydration synthesis or condensation.
Hydrolysis is the breakdown of a compound by adding water. It is the reverse of condensation synthesis.

6. Polysaccharides
Polysaccharides are macromolecules. They are polymers of carbohydrates, and are formed as many monosaccharides join together by dehydration reactions. There are four important polysaccharides as shown below
Structural
Storage of Energy
Found in plants:
Cellulose
Starch
Makes up plant cell walls
Two forms are amylose and amylopectin
Found in animals:
Chitin
Glycogen
Makes up the exoskeleton in arthropods (and cell walls in mushrooms)
“Animal starch.” In humans, this is stored in liver and skeletal muscle