1. ReDSS strategy and programing principles
About ReDSS
ReDSS strategy and programing principles
Introduction

2. Overview of content
Key learning principles
Programing principles and Solutions Framework
So what does Durable solution mean in the region?
About ReDSS

3. How to get information about ReDSS ReDSS website (www.regionaldss.org)
Regional Durable Solutions Secretariat (ReDSS)
Goal: To improve programming and policy in support of durable solutions processes so that displacement affected communities live in safety and dignity in East and Horn of Africa
Consortium of 14 organizations hosted by DRC and steering committee NRC, IRC, DRC
Coordination and information hub – not an implementing agency
Research, analysis & Knowledge Management
Policy Dialogue
Program support and capacity development
Coordination
How to get information about ReDSS
ReDSS website (
Social media - Twitter account (ReDSS_HoA)
Bi- monthly newsletter – Register on website home page
ReDSS Secretariat contacts
Regional: Aude Galli )
Somalia: Rufus Karanja and Salma
Ethiopia: Jason Bell

4. Key learning principles
Collaborative: Ensure our work is generated and grounded in a collaborative and collective process involving all relevant members and external actors
Adaptive: Embed adaptive working approaches where durable solutions strategies and activities are designed assuming change is inevitable
Iterative: Promote the use of iterative decision-making to adapt durable solutions approaches continuously
Locally-led: Enable a context-specific and problem-oriented approach to strategies and activities for improved programming and policies for durable solutions.
Adaptive learning at the centre –to be flexible and responsive to changing contexts and needs doing more of ‘what works’ and less of what doesn’t

5. A durable solution is achieved when displaced people :
Defining durable solutions: when are they achieved?
A durable solution is achieved when displaced people :
no longer have specific assistance and protection needs linked to their displacement
can exercise their rights without discrimination resulting from their displacement
Not one uniformed definition. The only existing definition is th eInter Agency Standing Committee (IASC) Framework on Durable Solutions for IDPs’ definition and this one is an adapted version.
Explain its value and the fact that it attempts to answer the question of when durable solutions are achieved rather then when someone ceases to be displaced.
The emphasis should be on solutions, practical steps to address concrete issues rather than on individuals’ status. Assessment of whether a solution has been achieved should be based on two main components: - No more assistance or protection needs linked to displacement - Ability to exercise rights without discrimination deriving from displacement

6. Displacement-affected communities
‘Displacement affected communities’ entails all displaced populations and host communities – displaced people do not live in a vacuum
Integrated and inclusive approach including access to services
HOST COMMUNITIES
Displaced are often hosted in underserved and marginalized areas where absorptions capacity can be limited
Take into account positive and negative impact of displacement and relocation or return on the economy, environment, social cohesion and access to services of host community
Insist on the fact that often, displaced persons rely on the host community support to get by, especially in non camp setting.
Short term burden and potential longer term opportunities?

7. 3 principles at the centre of solutions processes
Voluntariness
Freedom of movement
Prohibition of forced return
Informed decision making
Safety
Physical
Material
Legal
Dignity
No unconditional return
At their own pace
No manipulation
No separation of families
Explain that three key principles - voluntariness, safety and dignity - underpin the process and particularly the choice of settlement options.
Voluntariness stems from freedom of movement and choice of place of residence. It can be divided into two main components - guaranteeing freedom of choice and providing all the information necessary to take a decision.
Safety : The prohibition of forcible return for IDPs or the principle of non-refoulement in refugee law. Safety has three dimensions:
Physical safety - the right to life and physical security
Legal safety – the ability to exercise rights without restrictions
Material safety – the opportunity to establish a livelihood and access social benefits
Dignity : Explain that dignity relates to the treatment of displaced persons dealing with the three settlement options. Return or resettlement/relocation should not be unconditional. Unconditional returns may result in forced returns, which in certain circumstances could amount to a serious human rights violation. Likewise, displaced persons should be able to return or resettle/relocate at their own pace and not according to unreasonable timetables: for example, it is not reasonable to organise return during school exams, during the rainy seasons or to late to start a new agricultural cycle. Displaced persons and host communities should be well informed and the information available should not be used to create pull and push factors for returns or other solutions. They should not be separated from their family members in the process of taking up their settlement option, especially when there are members of the family that are highly dependent on others.
Decision to temporarily integrate locally does not preclude future return when conditions will be more conducive.
Pendular movements between the place of origin and the place of return to visit family members, check on the situation and settle personal affairs shall not be seen as sustainable return or intent to do so.

8. Relocation / Resettlement
3 durable solution processes to support (re)integration
Return / voluntary repatriation
INTEGRATION
Local Integration
Relocation / Resettlement
There are 3 equally valid “settlement options”. These 3 settlement options are NOT by themselves THE durable solutions.
Before discussing the challenges displaced persons face in achieving durable solutions, make sure that the participants understand that the three settlement options are integral part of durable solutions processes, they are not solutions in and of themselves. The ultimate goal for all is (re)integration.
Mention and explain each of settlement option:
Return: Displaced persons go back to their place of origin or habitual residence. Often the ideal and preferred option, but not always possible
Local integration: Displaced persons settle permanently in their place of refuge. Sometimes the only reasonable option
Settlement elsewhere or resettlement : Displaced Persons start a new life somewhere other than their place of origin or refuge in the same country or in a different one. Sometimes the only reasonable option.
“Only a few of the displaced people are currently able to avail themselves of any of the three ‘durable solutions’. Resettlement in third countries is limited in numbers and very expensive; voluntary return is hampered by lack of stability and peace, and full local integration and naturalisation are often blocked by policy restrictions. Most displaced are therefore living in ‘protracted displacement’”. Forced displacement, a development issue with humanitarian elements, Niels Harild, FMR, May 2016
Return is not a solution, (re) integration is.
One country can use the 3 settlement/ DS processes: Tanzania, and Uganda simultaneously pursued self-reliance strategies and integration, voluntary repatriation and resettlement exercises depending on the caseload. 8

9. Core elements to inform solutions planning & programming
Creating durable solutions requires a multi- stakeholder rights and needs based programming approach
The process must be viewed as a collective action rather than mandate driven based on an inclusive, participatory and consensus building approach
National, regional and local authorities have the primary responsibility and need to be supported to play their leadership and coordinating role
Developing area based solutions approaches is paramount to ensure integrated and comprehensive programing for host and displaced populations
Community engagement is critical to inform (re)integration analysis and programing to make solutions lasting, locally relevant and supportive of social cohesion and to adopt a ‘displacement affected communities’ approach- inclusive of refugees, returnees, IDPs and host communities
Gender/age/diversity: Interventions should take into account the gender, age and diversity at play and give special attention to women and youth
Displacement is a development issue with humanitarian components so it is essential to ensure complementarities and synergies between humanitarian, development, peace and state building programing to inform collective outcomes

10. REDSS FRAMEWORK: COMMON DURABLE SOLUTIONS OUTCOMES
Measure contribution not attribution towards collective outcomes
Criteria
Sub criteria (IASC)
OUTCOMES Indicators
1. SAFETY & SECURITY/ PROTECTION/ SOCIAL COHESION
6 Indicators
2. ACCESS TO BASIC SERVICES
7 indicators
3. ACCESS TO JOB CREATION/ ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITIES
4 indicators
4. RESTORATION OF HOUSING, LAND & PROPERTY
3 Indicators
5. ACCESS TO DOCUMENTATION
6. FAMILY REUNIFICATION
7. PARTICIPATION IN PUBLIC AFFAIRS
2 Indicators
8. ACCESS TO EFFECTIVE REMEDIES AND JUSTICE
Developed in 2015/ 2016 and revised in 2017.
Operationalization of IASC framework and its 8 criteria
28 IASC indicators organized around physical, material and legal safety
Comparison to host communities
A traffic light system to assess degree of achievement of each indicator
It is a live tool that evolves constantly to adapt to practitioners’ needs and use.  In 2017, ReDSS revised its indicators as per the work of JIPS and developed a guidance manual and programming guid

11. durable solutions processes sustainable (re)integration
resilience + protection
(safety/ dignity/ voluntariness/ rights)
durable solutions processes
sustainable (re)integration
As explained in the previous slide with blue arrows
Support for self-reliance and resilience can take several forms, including: (1) strengthening the preparedness of national systems for emergency response, including contingency planning; (2) supporting national systems and local communities once displacement occurs, in order to increase absorption capacity, ensure the inclusion of displaced persons in national services, such as healthcare and education; and (3) supporting host communities to respond to the impact of forced displacement and helping displaced equip themselves for future solutions.
Host communities can be supported to become more resilient through predictable and sustained support to local education and healthcare systems. Efforts to improve access to justice and other institutions essential to the rule of law, through collaboration with development actors, are also vital. In turn, increased self-reliance and resilience among the displaced and their host communities can contribute to the development of markets, lead to better services in remote areas, and support social cohesion.

12. What are the barriers/opportunities towards local integration?
A Framework to measure progress towards local integration
A practical, easy-to-use rapid and adaptive analytical tool with a simple visual to enable users to answer:
What are the barriers/opportunities towards local integration?
To what extent has local integration been achieved?
What changes to policy and practice are required to advance progress towards integration?
Where to focus and prioritize investments based on gaps and challenges identified?
Can be used by practitioners and policy-makers to tailor programming and policies according to a common logical framework around solutions and based on a collective analysis (government and local authorities, humanitarian/ development/ peace and state building actors, etc)
The application of the ReDSS Framework has generally followed a 3-step process:
Firstly, it is used to establish a common vision of durable solutions and their component parts among key stakeholders
Secondly, it is used to inform the decision-making on policy and practice through conducting solutions analyses
Thirdly, it is increasingly being used as a tool to inform the design, monitoring, evaluation and adaptation of the solutions-focused strategies and programs

13. Lower Juba – Somalia 2016 Analysis of Data: IDPs
SOLUTIONS FRAMEWORK - LOCAL INTEGRATION-RETURNEE/ IDP FOCUS
Lower Juba – Somalia Analysis of Data: IDPs
Protection
Safety and Security
Social Cohesion
Percentage of IDPs/returnees who have suffered violent crimes or experienced safety incidents, including Sexual Gender based Violence in the last 6 months compared to resident population
Percentage of IDPs/returnees who do not face more discriminatory or arbitrary restriction of their freedom of movement based on their displacement or minority compared to resident population
Percentage of IDPs/returnees who have adequate access to police and judiciary, when needed, compared to the resident population
Percentage of IDPs/returnees feeling safe in their current place of residence compared to local population
Percentage of IDPs/returnees who do not face any form of stigmatization (verbal violence, insults, exclusion, etc.) in their current place of residence, compared to local population
Percentage of IDPs/returnees feeling they are accepted in the community where they live compared to resident population
PHYSICAL SAFETY
Adequate Standard of Living (Access to basic and social services)
Percentage of IDPs/returnees with food consumption comparable to local population and as per international/national standards
Prevalence of GAM/SAM among IDPs/returnees compared to resident population and as per national/international standards
Percentage of IDPs/returnees with adequate access to potable water, sanitation and hygiene compared to local population and above international/national standard
Percentage of IDPs/returnees with adequate access to health care compared to resident population or national average as appropriate
Percentage of IDP/returnee children with adequate access to formal education compared to resident population or national average as appropriate
Percentage of IDPs/returnees who have adequate access to safety net interventions or receive remittances from abroad compared to local residents with comparable needs
Access to Livelihoods (Job creation and income generation)
MATERIAL SAFETY
Percentage of IDPs/returnees who faces legal or administrative obstacles to employment or economic activity compared to resident population(Administrative obstacles exist)
Unemployment among refugees compared to the resident population, the situation before displacement or the national average, as appropriate
Percentage of IDPs/returnees who have access to sustainable employment conditions compared to local residents
Poverty levels among IDPS/returnees compared to the resident population, the situation before displacement or the national average, as appropriate
Participation in public affairs
Housing, Land & Property
Percentage of IDPs/returnees with adequate housing (not overcrowded housing/shelter and/or precarious structure and/or at risk of sudden eviction) in comparison to the resident population
Existence of effective and accessible mechanisms to ensure access to land and/or secure tenure
Percentage of IDPs/returnees with lost HLP who have had their claims resolved, compared to the resident population
Percentage of IDPs/returnees who have secured right to Housing, Land and Property (with documents to prove ownership/tenancy) compared to resident population
Access to Effective Remedies & Justice
Participation in public affairs
Percentage of IDPs/returnees who consider that the violations suffered have been effectively remedied and a sense of justice restored, compared to local population
Existence of accessible mechanisms that have the legal mandate and actual capacity to provide IDPs/returnees with effective remedies for violations suffered, including violations committed by non-state actors
Percentage of IDPs/returnees who accessed formal or informal/traditional justice mechanisms last time they needed it, compared to local population
IDPs/returnees face no legal or administrative obstacles that prevent them from voting, being elected or working in public service compared with resident population
Percentage of IDPs/returnees participating in community or social organizations (youth / women / environmental / sports groups and others) compared to the resident population
Percentage of IDPs/returnees involved in public decision making processes, or local reconciliation/confidence-building initiatives (e.g. local peace committees, public debates, fora, cross-community activities and others) compared to resident population
LEGAL SAFETY
Access to Documentation
All indicators refer to the attainment of benchmarks for a refugee / returnee in comparison to the host community
The indicator is well on the way to being achieved
Some obstacles exist and the indicator has not been fully met
The indicator is far from met
Data unavailable
Incomplete data exists
Percentage of IDPs/returnees without birth certificates, national ID cards or other personal documents relevant to the local context compared to resident population or national average, as appropriate
Existence and effective accessibility of mechanisms to obtain/replace documents for IDPs/returnees bearing in mind the local context
Family Reunification
The number of unaccompanied and separated IDPs/returnee children for whom a best interest determination is needed but has not been conducted
Accessible and efficient mechanisms have been put in place to reunite IDP/returnee separated family members
The number of IDP/returnee children or other dependent persons who have not yet been reunited with their families relative to total displaced population size
The Regional Durable Solutions Secretariat (ReDSS) operationalized the IASC Framework for Durable Solutions for IDPs to develop the ReDSS Solutions framework for displacement affected communities. It comprises the 8 IASC criteria using 31 IASC indicators organized around physical, material and legal safety to measure durable solutions achievements in a particular context. The framework analysis serves as an evidence base to enable relevant stakeholders to work more effectively and consistently in the search and realization of durable solutions. This info graphic offers a snapshot in time to assess to what extent local integration for returnees and IDPs in Somalia have been achieved.

14. Making data useful- right balance?
Consensus
Accuracy
The solutions framework: A collaborative process through a consensus building approach to inform common analysis
Key challenges
The indicators aim to achieve minimum standards: raises questions of the ‘quality’ of durable solutions available in contexts experiencing chronic crises, specifically in comparison to areas where local standards are already low
Most data sources, measurements and ratings of the indicators reflect a context of humanitarian service provision that is determined by displacement status rather than an equal legal status to the national population. This can confuse discussions around minimum standards where the local / host population may be worse off than displaced hosted in their area.
The lack of comparative data and analysis within and across displacement affected populations, and in comparison to local populations and national standard, is a key challenge
The framework is to be used as a rapid analytical tool not as an in depth assessment and this needs to be carefully managed
The analysis relies on secondary data review but availability of quantitative data for most indicators is really challenging and can bring important subsequent issues to support the analysis
The recommendations based on the findings are developed through operational workshop involving all actors. In order to support uptake and use/ impact of the recommendations as well as collective accountability we have decided together with RCO and authorities to conduct an annual update – monitoring progress and challenges at criterial level as well as use of recommendations. – next slide.
It is critical to improve the generation and availability of relevant data and analysis to better understand and operationalize complementary humanitarian and developmental approaches in the search for durable solutions and to mitigate against secondary displacements.
Data alone is not useful. It needs to be used to inform collective analysis and a common vision. We also need to be clear why we are collecting this information so as to avoid collecting data that wont be used or duplicating what already exist.
A collaborative process through a consensus building approach
to inform joint analysis

15. What does durable solutions mean in the region?
Durable solution is about sustainable (re)integration based on safety/ dignity/ voluntariness
Better understanding of displacement vulnerabilities and marginalisation for targeting and protection
Strengthening self-reliance and resilience through integrated programing for both displaced and host communities - away from care and maintenance to support better inclusion
Enhancing protection, the rule of law and HLP by improving and implementing policies and legal framework for IDPs, refugees and returnees
Fostering localized approaches to ensure local relevance and social cohesion
Working on absorption capacity in areas receiving refugees, returnees and IDPs
Investing in preparedness and early solutions to prevent displacement when still possible and to enhance early response capacity
Investing in collective outcomes and joint accountability