1. The British in the Postwar Era
Chapter 29 Section 1
The British in the Postwar Era

2. Egypt controlled by Britain since 1882 declared a protectorate in 1914
after WWI a strong nationalist movement developed in Egypt
nationalist movement was led by Wafd

3. Wafd a nationalist liberal political party in Egypt
Wafd led a revolt in against the British
The revolt failed, but calls for independence continued.
1922, British declared Egypt independent

4. Britain's Response
British military forces remained in Egypt to defend Egypt and Suez Canal
B. maintained administrative control over the Sudan and the Upper Nile River
B. wanted to oversee Egypt's foreign policy

5. Egypt's Independence
1920s – early 1930s, Egyptian independence movement grew stronger
E. nationalists wanted complete independence from Britain

6. Anglo-Egyptian Treaty of 1936
- gave Egypt greater independence
- the British military would stay in Egypt for 20 years
- pledged to support each other if a war broke out in the Middle East
- many E. didn't like the treaty because B. troops were still stationed in Egypt

7. The Middle East - Middle Eastern Arabs helped B. during WWI
- B. and France imposed control on them after the war
- B. eventually recognized Transjordan's and Iraq's independence, but kept a strong military presence
- B. kept control over Palestine because of its strategic location

8. Zionism
- a nationalist movement that wanted to build a homeland for Jews in Palestine
- Jews had been establishing small colonies in Palestine since the late 1880s

9. Balfour Declaration
- B. foreign secretary, Arthur Balfour wrote to Zion leader expressing support for a Jewish homeland
- this became known as the Balfour Declaration
- also promised to allow the creation of an independent Arab state

10. India - B. largest colony
- promised India more self-government after helping B. during WWI
- B. and Indians were divided on this issue
- any settlement would have to satisfy many diverse views

11. Mohandas Gandhi - leader of the Indian nationalist movement
- spiritual and political leader
- opposed violence
- urged people to nonviolently refuse to cooperate with the government

12. Passive Resistance - a form of civil disobedience
- nonviolently refuse to cooperate with the government
- included boycotting B. goods and refusing to pay taxes

13. B. Response - 1935, B. allowed India to elect representatives
- B. still controlled India's defense, revenue, and foreign policy
- independence efforts continued

14. The Commonwealth Expands
- Canada, Australia, New Zealand, and South Africa wanted complete self-rule
- 1931, each dominion was granted independence
- equal to Britain in Commonwealth
- each responsible for its own policies