1. South Asia: Security Landscape
Niruthan Nilanthan
Bandaranaike Center for International Studies

2. Factors affecting the Landscape
Geopolitical Factors – State rivalries, Territorial issues
Technological Factors – New domains of warfare, emerging technology
Environmental Factors – Climate change, food security
Non-State Actors – Terrorism, Trafficking

3. Geopolitical Factors
India-Pakistan – Kashmir, Balakot, Political Shifts
India-China – Territorial Issues, Balance of Power
Pakistan-China – CPEC
Afghan-Pakistan-USA – Peace Process, Taliban
The Indian Ocean

4. Technological Factors
Space – Anti-satellite tests, Pakistan-Russia pact, ‘space race’
Cyber – Cyber crimes, Cyber warfare, attack-prone region
Social Media – Control of narrative, recruitment, public order
Emerging Technology – Unmanned vehicles, autonomous weapons

5. Environmental Factors
Climate Change – Population disruptions, agriculture, ‘Atlantis’ States
Cyclones – Low-lying coastal regions in India and Bangladesh
Deforestation – Impact on food security
Floods – Over 660 dead and 6 million displaced in 2019
Diseases – Pollution, Lack of Awareness

6. Non-State Actors
Terrorism – Franchise model, polarization of communities, technology
Human Trafficking – 150,000 affected every year
Drug Trafficking – Ripple effects from S.E Asian boom
Refugees

7. Thank You!