1. EPOC during High and Low-Intensity Exercise

2. EPOC during High-Intensity, Long-Duration Exercise

3. O2 UPTAKE vs POWER OUTPUT (1996)

4. Motor Unit Recruitment Patterns and the Slow Component of VO2

5. Static Lung Volumes

6. TV Response to Exercise
TV plateaus at approximately 60% FVC (70-80% VO2max)

7. Room Air
PO2 = 159 mmHg
PCO2 = 0 mmHg
Trachea
PO2 = 149 mmHg
PCO2 = 0 mmHg
Alveoli
PO2 = 105 mmHg
PCO2 = 40 mmHg
Venous Blood
PO2 = 40 mmHg
PCO2 = 46 mmHg
Arterial Blood
PO2 = 100 mmHg
PCO2 = 40 mmHg
Muscle
PO2 = 40 mmHg
PCO2 = 46 mmHg

8. How is Oxygen Transported in the Blood?
In solution (3%)
Attached to Hb
1.34 ml O2/gm Hb
Arterial O2 content = 0.3 ml 02/dl blood + (1.34 O2/Hb x 15 g Hb/dl)
= 20.4 ml 02/dl blood
Diphosphoglycerate mutase on RBC, which converts 1,3 DPG into 2,3 DPG. 2,3 DPG levels increase acutely during exercise and altitude.

9. How is CO2 Transported in the Blood?

10. RESPIRATORY REGULATION

11. Ventilation during Exercise

12. VO2, VE above LT

13. Cardiac Output at Rest = 5 L/min
Heart: 4%
200 ml
Liver: 27%
1350 ml
Kidneys: 22%
1100 ml
Brain: 14%
700 ml
Skin: 6%
300 ml
Muscles: 20%
1000 ml
Other: 7%
350 ml

14. Cardiac output during moderate exercise = 17.6 L/min
Liver: 3%
600 ml
Heart: 4%
750 ml
Other: 3%
500 ml
Kidneys: 3%
600 ml
Muscles: 71%
12,500 ml
Skin: 12%
1900 ml
Brain: 4%
750 ml

15. Venous Return Smooth muscle bands
Increased cardiac output means increased venous return!!!

16. CHANGES IN HR, SV, AND Q .
Smallest increase in SV is during supine exercise
Highest max SV seen for swimming followed by running, then cycling
Trained cyclists have similar values to TM

17. CIRCULATORY RESPONSES

18. Blood Flow Shunting to Working Muscle
Arteries in other tissue
Arteries in skeletal muscle
Sympathetic Nervous System Stimulation:
Catecholamines stimulate alpha receptors to constrict, and B2 receptors to vasodilate.
Stimulate NO production via endothelial cells
Adenosine is THE MOST IMPORTANT metabolic by-product that increases dilation
During high intensity exercise, vasodilation may decrease BP to the extent that baroreceptors and renin will cause a vasoconstriction
Vasoconstriction
Increased Epinephrine
-causes vasodilation in
skeletal and cardiac muscle,
vasoconstriction in other tissue
Metabolic by-products: K+, heat, H+, adenosine, lactate, CO2

19. CHANGES IN ARTERIOVENOUS OXYGEN