1. Minimally invasive closure of bronchopleural fistulae with novel closure devices: Fantasy or reality? 
Robert B. Cameron, MD 
The Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery 
Volume 152, Issue 5, Pages e121-e122 (November 2016)
DOI: /j.jtcvs
Copyright © 2016 The American Association for Thoracic Surgery Terms and Conditions

2. Figure 1
A, Photograph of an individually modified tracheobronchial stent that functions nearly identically to an atrial septal defect or patent foramen ovale occluder. B, Photograph of a postpneumonectomy BPF clearly demonstrating intact staples eroding through the bronchial wall.
Used with permission by Chae EY, Shin JH, Song HY, Kim JH, Shim TS, Kim DK. Bronchopleural fistula treated with a silicone-covered bronchial occlusion stent. Ann Thorac Surg. 2010;89:
The Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery  , e121-e122DOI: ( /j.jtcvs )
Copyright © 2016 The American Association for Thoracic Surgery Terms and Conditions

3. Bronchopleural fistula demonstrating staples eroding through the bronchial wall.
The Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery  , e121-e122DOI: ( /j.jtcvs )
Copyright © 2016 The American Association for Thoracic Surgery Terms and Conditions